Wo-vSi-W  .  o  K  T-r^u-V' o  US 

M-TUK+;  d'.UaS tS  “^VU^  to 

C_o  rv\  ^cc~V-  f-htir?* ;  a;  ‘  ; 

>o  iaT  t 


The  person  charging  this  material  is  re¬ 
sponsible  for  its  return  on  or  before  the 
Latest  Date  stamped  below. 

Theft,  mutilation  and  underlining  of  books 
are  reasons  for  disciplinary  action  and  may 
result  in  dismissal  from  the  University. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  AT  URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 


SEP  2  S1U7S 


L161— 0-1096 


INDEX. 


PAGE 


Handbook  of  Injurious  Insects  and  Plant  Diseases 

Bowker’s  Boxal,  for  potato  slugs,  beetles,  rust,  and  rot . . 

Bowker’s  Pyrox,  for  fruit-tree  insects,  mildews,  blights,  etc . 

Bowker’s  Bodo,  for  mildews,  rusts,  rots,  blights,  etc.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 

Bowker’s  Disparene,  for  canker  worm,  codling-moth,  elm-leaf  beetle,  and 

other  leaf-eating  insects . 

Bowker’s  Bodlime,  for  protecting  trees  from  canker  worms  and  cater 
pillars . . 

Bowker's  Tree  Soap,  for  destroying  San  Jose  scale,  mealy  bugs,  etc.  .  . 

Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion,  for  mealy  bugs,  plant  lice,  aphids,  etc.  .  . 

Bowker’s  Carbolized  Wash,  for  borers  .  .  .  .  .  .  ..... 

Bowker’s  A.  C.  C.  Mixture,  for  late  spraying  against  blights,  etc.  .  . 

Bowker’s  Formalin,  for  preventing  potato  scab  ...... 

Spraying  Apparatus  . . . 


35 

5 

9 

i3 

l7 


2  3 
25 
27 
27 

27 

32 


TERMS.  SHIPPING  DIRECTIONS,  ETC 

TERMS.  The  prices  quoted  in  this  catalogue  are  net  for  cash 
with  order.  Remittances  should  be  sent  by  P.O.  Money  Order, 
Express  Money  Order,  Certified  Check,  or  by  Registered  Letter. 

SHIPPING  DIRECTIONS.  Customers  should  give  post-office 
address  and  nearest  depot,  and  state  whether  the  goods  are  to  be 
sent  by  express  or  freight.  All  packages  of  less  than  fifty  pounds 
weight  should  be  ordered  sent  by  express,  to  avoid  delay  and  possible 
loss.  If  no  instructions  are  given,  our  experienced  shipping  clerks 
will  use  their  best  judgment  in  selecting  route  and  method  of  ship¬ 
ping.  We  deliver  all  goods  free  on  board  cars  or  boat  at  Boston, 
New  York,  or  Cincinnati. 

ORDER  IN  SEASON.  While  “  rush  orders  ”  always  receive 
our  immediate  attention,  we  would  respectfully  urge  our  customers  to 
order  at  least  a  part  of  the  necessary  supply  of  insecticides  in  advance 
of  their  actual  needs.  Address  all  orders  to 

BOWKER  INSECTICIDE  COMPANY 

43  CHATHAM  STREET.  BOSTON.  MASS. 

Copyright,  1902,  by  Bowker  Inseoticide  Co. 


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REMOTE  STORAGE 


A  “Bodo”  Object  Lesson. 


THE  HON.  WILLIAfl  R.  SESSIONS,  ex-Secretary  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  writes  :  “I  applied  Bowker’s  Boxal  to  my  potatoes.  It  killed  the  bugs,  and  I  had 
a  fine  crop,  without  a  sign  of  blight  or  rot,  although  both  were  prevalent  in  the  vicinity.  I 
used  Pyrox  for  the  elm-leaf  beetle,  with  perfect  success.  The  Tree  Soap  proved  effective 
in  destroying  plant  lice  on  my  young  fruit  trees,  and  it  was  evidently  an  advantage  to  the  trees  other¬ 
wise,  leaving  them  clean  and  thrifty.” 


CROP  INSURANCE. 


A  WORD  You  have  a  farm,  orchard,  or  garden  from  which  you  are 
DIRECT.  trying  to  get  profitable  crops,  but  in  a  night  insects  or 
blights  may  convert  real  profit  into  actual  loss,  and  leave  but  little  to  show  for 
your  thought  and  labor. 

KNOWN  For  nearly  thirty  years  our  experiment  stations  have 

REMEDIES.  been  studying  these  pests  and  seeking  means  to  de¬ 
stroy  them.  Scientific  remedies  have  been  discovered,  but  they  are  often 
so  complex  in  their  nature,  or  so  difficult  to  prepare  with  the  facilities  at  hand 
on  a  farm,  that  they  have  not  come  into  general  use. 

PREPARED  Knowing  the  merits  of  these  official  remedies  and 

INSECTICIDES.  the  difficulties  in  making  them  at  home,  two 
years  ago  we  began  their  manufacture,  based  on  formulas  endorsed  by  Govern¬ 
ment  Experiment  Stations,  and  put  up  in  convenient  form  for  immediate 
application.  Practical  farmers  have  found  their  use  immensely  profitable. 


SCIENTIFIC  Each  preparation  offered  by  this  Company  therefore 
BASIS.  has  a  sound,  scientific  basis,  as  well  as  proved  practi¬ 

cal  value,  and  if  properly  applied  will  give  complete  satisfaction.  These  goods 
are  chiefly  put  up  in  paste  form,  and  only  require  the  addition  of  water.  Thus 
all  the  tedious  details  of  weighing,  dissolving,  straining,  mixing,  etc.,  are  elim¬ 
inated.  All  that  is  necessary  is  to  dilute  and  spray. 


INSURE 
YOUR  CROPS. 


You  insure  your  buildings  against  the  ravages  of 
fire.  You  can  as  easily  insure  your  crops  against 
the  ravages  of  insects  or  blights  by  using  Bowker’s  Germo-Insecticides. 
Timely  spraying  with  these  goods  will  give  you  large  crops  of  high  qualify. 
You  pay  a  small  premium  to  have  your  buildings  insured.  Is  it  not  sound 
policy  to  invest  a  small  amount  in  reliable  crop  insurance  ? 


IT  Two  years  ago  Hall  &  Cole,  Faneuil  Hall  Market,  Boston, 

PAYS.  Mass.,  sold  apples  from  sprayed  trees  at  $7. 00  per  barrel, 

when  apples  from  unsprayed  trees  did  not  bring  over  $1.50  per  barrel. 


Last  year  Irving  &  Ricker,  Caribou,  Me.,  sold  potatoes  in  the  Glouces¬ 
ter  (Mass.)  market  at  15  cents  per  barrel  above  the  market  price.  These 
potatoes  were  from  fields  thoroughly  sprayed  with  Bowker’s  Bodo,  and  hence 
were  free  from  rot.  The  buyer  knew  of  their  superior  keeping  quality,  and 
was  willing  to  pay  for  it. 

Mr.  W.  I.  Chamberlain,  Hudson,  Ohio,  used  Bowker’s  Disparene  on 
his  apple  orchard,  and  made  a  net  profit  of  $1,600  on  his  1901  crop.  In 
the  Ohio  Farmer  of  December  12,  1901,  he  writes:  “But  for  spraying  I 
probably  should  not  have  got  $200  for  my  apples  this  year.”  We  might 
fill  this  book  with  records  of  similar  instances. 

FOR  If  you  grow  crops  of  any  kind,  or  even  if  you  have 

REFERENCE.  but  a  kitchen  garden,  it  will  pay  you  to  read  this 

handbook  carefully.  Time  is  precious  when  insects  or  blights  attack  your 
crops,  and  in  such  emergencies  this  book  may  prove  invaluable. 

jggf3*  If  consultation  of  this  book  does  not  give  you  all  the  information  you 
desire,  we  shall  be  glad  to  answer  any  questions  which  may  arise  and  to 
advise  you,  free  of  charge,  whether  you  patronize  us  or  not. 


BOWHER  INSECTICIDE  COMPANY, 

43  Chatham  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Successor  to 

BOWHER  CHEMICAL  COMPANY. 


PROF.  n.  V.  SLINGERLAND,  Entomologist  Cornell  University  Experiment  Station, 
Ithaca,  N.Y.,  writes:  ‘‘I  used  your  insecticides  and  combined  insecticides  and  fun¬ 
gicides,  and  found  them  very  effective.  It  is  delightfully  convenient  to  have  the  ma¬ 
terial  all  mixed,  ‘  on  tap,’  so  to  speak.  I  did  not  see  that  the  mixtures  deteriorated 
after  the  packages  were  opened.  Therefore  I  am  entirely  satisfied  and  delighted  with  the  mate¬ 
rials,  and  shall  recommend  their  use.” 

3 


f*K  ‘>409 


4 


For  Potatoes. 


BOWHER’S  “BOXAL.” 


Prolongs  the  growing  season  and  increases  crop. 

Bowker’s  Boxal  is  a  fungicide  and  insecticide  in  one.  As  a  fungicide  it 
prevents  the  attack  of  rust,  thus  keeping  the  vines  green  and  growing  from 
three  to  four  weeks  longer  than  where  it  is  not  used.  By  lengthening  the 
growing  season  it  increases  the  crop  both  in  quantity  and  quality.  It  also 
prevents  rot,  and  in  that  way  insures  a  large  yield  of  sound  tubers. 

Boxal  accomplishes  three  things  at  one  operation, —  it  kills  the  potato  bugs,  checks 
blight  or  rust,  and  prevents  rot.  It  is  better  and  cheaper  than  Paris  green,  which  kills  the 
bugs  only ,  leaving  the  vines  exposed  to  blight  and  rot.  By  using  Boxal  you  not  only  kill 
the  bugs,  but  prepare  the  vines  in  advance  to  withstand  the  sudden  attack  of  blight  and 
rust,  thus  increasing  their  productive  power. 

Remember ,  Boxal  sticks  to  the  vines  and  keeps  them  green,  lengthens  the 
growing  season  from  three  to  four  weeks,  and  hence  greatly  increases  the 
yield.  It  is  manufactured  from  purest  chemicals  and  put  up  in  the  form  of 
paste,  possessing  all  the  valuable  properties  of  freshly  made  mixtures. 

It  mixes  evenly  in  water  and  does  not  clog  nozzles  which  give  the  finest  spray. 
It  is  never  applied  dry,  but  diluted  at  the  rate  of  ten  pounds  to  fifty  gallons  of  water.  It 
is  important  to  apply  Boxal  early  in  the  season,  before  the  slugs  are  thick. 

To  secure  the  best  results  we  recommend  three  sprayings  during  the 
season,  to  keep  pace  with  the  new  growth  of  the  vine.  Full  directions  accom¬ 
pany  each  package. 

5  pound  can,  $0.50  50  pound  keg,  $4.25 

10  “  “  1. 00  100  “  “  8.00 

25  “  “  2.25 


From  Hig'b  Authority. 

Prof.  George  T.  Powell,  Director  School  of  Practical  Agriculture  and  Horticulture, 
Briarcliff  Manor,  N.Y.,  writes:  “  We  found  the  Boxal  you  sent  to  be  excellent.  It  is 
thoroughly  effective,  and  when  used  on  potatoes  it  adheres  for  a  long  time.  A  slight  rain  does 
not  diminish  its  effect  on  the  insects.” 

M.  I.  Wheeler,  Esq.,  Great  Barrington,  Mass.,  writes:  “  The  use  of  your  Boxal  last 
season  was  wholly  satisfactory.  I  think  it  prevented  blight,  and  know  it  saved  my  potatoes 
from  destruction  by  bugs.  I  shall  have  no  further  use  for  Paris  green  for  that  purpose.” 


Serves  a  Double  Purpose. 

Hon.  J.  M.  Danforth,  Lynnfield  Centre,  Mass.,  writes:  “  The  Boxal  you  furnished 
me  is  better  than  anything  I  ever  used  on  potatoes.  It  is  easy  to  apply,  and  not  only  kills  the 
bugs,  but  keeps  the  vines  healthy  and  green.” 


5 


Mr.  Benjamin  Smith,  Washington  County,  N.Y.,  writes:  “I  did  not  get  the  Boxal 
in  time  to  apply  it  on  my  early  piece  of  potatoes,  so  used  Paris  green;  but  it  did  not  kill  the  bugs, 
and  the  first  thing  I  knew  rhe  vines  were  nearly  stripped.  I  then  applied  Boxal,  and,  to  my 
surprise,  the  vines  began  to  leaf  out  again,  and  a  second  application  did  the  business  for  the  sea¬ 
son.  I  left  part  of  the  piece  untreated  as  a  check,  and  I  found  that  the  Boxal  will  prevent  rot 
to  a  marked  degree.  On  a  second  piece  of  potatoes  I  used  Boxal  exclusively,  and  they  did  not 
rot,  and  kept  green  until  the  first  frost.” 

A.  H.  Nickerson,  Penobscot  County,  Me.,  writes:  “I  used  Bowker’s  Boxal  on  my 
potatoes,  and  was  well  pleased  with  its  effect  and  the  benefit  derived.  It  serves  two  purposes, — 
destroys  the  bugs  and  preserves  the  tops.  I  shall  use  it  again  another  season.” 


Lengthened  Growing  Season  Four  WeeKs. 

Mr.  George  W.  Wheelwright,  Jr.,  Worcester  County,  Mass.,  writes:  “We  had 
great  success  in  keeping  our  potatoes  growing  and  vines  green  much  longer  than  our  neighbors, ' 
by  using  Boxal,  made  by  the  Bowker  Chemical  Company.  We  found  vines  treated  with  Boxal 
lasted  four  weeks  longer  than  those  not  treated.” 

Mr.  J.  A.  Stanton,  New  London  County,  Conn.,  writes:  “I  used  Bowker’s  Boxal 
twice  on  my  potatoes,  and  the  result  was  that  the  vines  kept  green  until  the  tubers  ripened.  The 
potatoes  were  large  and  of  most  excellent  quality.” 

Mr.  J.  W.  Turner,  Chester  County,  Pa.,  says:  “Because  of  the  rainy  season  I  only 
gave  my  potatoes  one  application  of  Boxal,  but  that  killed  the  bugs  and  kept  the  tops  green 
much  longer  than  my  neighbors’  who  only  used  Paris  green.  My  potatoes  averaged  larger  than 
my  neighbors’.” 


Sure  Death  to  Bugs. 

Mr.  W.  E.  Gowdy,  Atlantic  County,  N.J.,  writes:  “The  Boxal  is  sure  death  to  potato 
bugs.  I  had  millions  of  them,  but  Boxal  killed  them,  leaving  the  vines  bright  and  vigorous.” 

Mr.  N.  A.  Adams,  Worcester  County,  Mass.,  writes  :  “I  have  been  very  much  pleased 
with  the  results  from  using  your  Boxal,  and  like  it  very  much.  After  applying  it,  there  were 
no  more  bugs  on  my  potatoes  and  no  blight.  I  had  the  best  crop  in  the  neighborhood,  and 
think  your  Boxal  is  largely  responsible  for  it.” 

Mr.  A.  N.  Cosner,  Sussex  County,  N.J.,  writes:  “Your  Boxal  surely  ‘boxes’  the 
bugs  5  and  the  way  it  sticks  to  the  vines,  rain  or  shine,  is  wonderful.  It  is  perfectly  satisfac¬ 
tory.” 

No  Rot  Here. 

Mr.  C.  D.  Kenyon,  Washington  County,  R.I.,  writes  :  “  I  used  your  Boxal  on  pota¬ 

toes,  and  found  it  destroyed  the  bugs.  At  digging  time  there  were  no  signs  of  rot.  I  shall  use 
it  another  season.” 

Mr.  W.  P.  Fogg,  Essex  County,  Mass.,  writes:  “  I  found  your  goods  exactly  as  repre¬ 
sented.  The  Boxal  was  used  with  entire  satisfaction.  I  used  it  extensively  on  my  potatoes  to 
kill  bugs  and  prevent  blight  and  rot,  and  when  I  dug  them  I  had  an  excellent  yield  of  tubers  of 
good  quality.” 

Valuable  for  DaHlias  and  Egg-plants. 

Mr.  B.  F.  Flanders,  Middlesex  County,  Mass.,  writes  :  “The  Boxal  you  sent  me  was 
very  effective  against  the  potato  blight.  It  is  also  one  of  the  best  remedies  for  dahlia  blight.  I 
used  it  freely  in  both  cases,  and  was  more  than  pleased  with  the  results,  and  shall  take  pleasure 
in  recommending  it  to  dahlia  fanciers  and  potato  growers.” 

Mr.  J.  T.  Allinson,  Mercer  County,  N.J.,  writes:  “We  found  your  Boxal  effective 
when  applied  to  potato  plants.  On  egg-plants,  even  with  our  crude  appliances,  we  found  it  to 
be  the  best  insecticide  we  have  used,  preventing  injury  by  blight,  scald,  or  bugs.” 


6 


Effective  and  Cheap. 

Mr.  J.  G.  Buchanan,  Holmes  County,  Ohio,  says  :  “The  Boxal  I  purchased  from  you 
answered  every  purpose  of  the  Bordeaux  Mixture  and  Paris  green.  I  am  pleased  to  know  that 
I  can  buy  it  already  prepared  cheaper  and  better  than  I  can  make  home-made  mixtures.  I  can 
also  avoid  the  cost  of  labor  and  the  annoyance.” 

Mr.  P.  H.  Reed,  a  well-known  grower  of  seed  potatoes  at  Fort  Fairfield,  Me.,  says: 
“  The  three  cans  of  Boxal  you  sent  were  used  beside  my  own  mixture,  and  I  consider  it  very 
effective  in  preventing  rust  and  very  easily  mixed  with  water.  I  also  consider  it  equally  as 
effective  in  killing  the  bugs,  and  more  lasting  than  Paris  green.” 


Kept  the  Vines  Green. 

Miss  Ellen  Rockwell,  Middlesex  County,  Conn.,  writes:  “  I  obtained  the  Boxal  too 
late  for  use  on  early  potatoes,  but  a  few  late  ones  on  which  I  used  it  are  still  fresh  and  green 
(October  3),  notwithstanding  the  exceptional  drought  of  the  summer.” 

Charles  M.  Parker,  Middlesex  County,  Mass.,  writes:  “One  piece  of  potatoes,  where 
Bowker’s  Boxal  was  not  used,  was  struck  with  a  blight.  The  piece  where  the  Boxal  was  used 
was  not  affected.” 

D.  C.  Kenyon,  Washington  County,  R.I.,  writes:  “I  used  Boxal  on  my  potatoes, 
and  think  it  a  good  thing.  It  is  safe  to  use,  and  does  not  scald  the  vines,  like  Paris  green. 
The  sprayed  vines  were  green  when  others  of  my  neighbors’  were  dead.” 


Boxal  SticKs. 

Mr.  J.  A.  D.  Strack,  Lebanon  County,  Pa.,  says:  “The  Boxal  gave  excellent  results. 
It  is  easy  to  apply  and  beats  Paris  green,  as  it  lasts  longer  on  the  vines.  It  keeps  the  vines 
green  for  a  long  time.” 

Mr.  M.  E.  Marvel,  Bristol  County,  Mass.,  writes:  “I  used  your  Boxal,  both  on  pota¬ 
toes  and  on  trees,  to  destroy  insects  and  prevent  blight.  The  results  were  perfectly  satisfactory, — 
in  fact,  better  than  I  expected.  I  had  the  best  crop  of  potatoes  this  year  that  I  ever  raised, 
and  Bowker’s  Insecticides  did  it.” 

From  a.  'Well-Known  Lawyer. 

Mr.  Elliott  Marshall,  New  York,  writes:  “  We  are  very  much  pleased  with  the 
results  obtained  from  using  your  Boxal.  Our  potatoes  have  done  very  well  this  year.” 


Doubled  the  Yield. 

Mr.  Charles  Waterman,  Knox  County,  Me.,  writes  :  “  I  used  your  Boxal  on  my 
potatoes  last  season.  Where  I  used  it  the  yield  was  twice  as  large  as  where  it  was  not  applied. 
I  am  completely  satisfied  with  it,  and  will  use  a  large  quantity  next  season.” 

Boxal  gives  Big  Returns. 

Mr.  H.  H.  Terwilliger,  Muskegon  County,  Mich.,  writes:  “I  was  very  much 
pleased  with  the  Boxal,  and,  if  I  could  have  obtained  more  of  it  in  season,  it  would  have  saved 
us  five  hundred  bushels  of  potatoes.” 

Best  Crop  in  Vicinity. 

Mr.  J.  F.  Otis,  Norfolk  County,  Mass.,  writes:  “  I  used  your  Boxal  on  three-quarters  of 
an  acre  of  potatoes,  applying  it  as  directed.  This  being  a  poor  year  for  potatoes,  and  the  rot  so 
abundant,  some  of  my  neighbors  found  it  did  not  pay  to  dig  their  fields  $  but  from  my  little  field 
I  took  one  hundred  and  seventy-eight  bushels.  This  experience  has  been  a  great  surprise  to 
both  my  neighbors  and  myself.  I  shall  use  Boxal,  and  more  of  it,  next  year.” 


7 


a" 

&■* 


8 


How  Bowker’s  “Pyrox”  kills  Caterpillars. 


For  Fruits. 


BOWKER’S  “PYROX.” 


For  Fruit  Trees.  Serves  a  Double  Purpose. 

This  compound  does  for  fruit  trees  what  Boxal  does  for  potatoes.  It 
destroys  the  codling-moth,  canker  worm,  tent  caterpillar,  and  allied  pests,  and 
at  the  same  time  prevents  damage  by  the  apple  scab  and  pear  blight.  On 
stone  fruits  it  checks  damage  by  curculio  and  black  knot,  and  prevents  injury 
by  the  brown  rot  and  leaf  curl.  On  grapes  it  prevents  injury  by  the  grape- 
root  worm,  hinders  the  attack  of  the  rose  chafer,  and  prevents  mildews  and 
rot.  As  it  does  not  injure  the  foliage,  it  may  be  applied  to  the  tenderest 
vegetables  to  prevent  damage  by  blights  or  leaf-eating  insects. 

These  are  but  a  few  of  its  uses.  It  may  be  safely  applied  to  all  fruit  trees,  shrubs, 
or  vines,  as  a  substitute  for  Bordeaux  Mixture  and  Paris  green,  which  often  burns. 

Pyrox  possesses  all  the  merits  of  Bordeaux  Mixture  combined  with  a  safe 
yet  powerful  insecticide.  It  is  a  valuable  remedy  for  insect  pests  and  for 
mildew,  scab,  rot,  rust,  etc.,  thus  serving  a  double  purpose. 

Bowker’s  Pyrox  is  probably  the  safest  and  most  practical  combination 
of  an  insecticide  and  fungicide  ever  offered  to  fruit  growers.  It  is  not  an 
experiment .  It  has  been  used  by  prominent  horticulturists  and  gardeners, 
whose  testimonials  speak  for  themselves.  It  is  put  up  in  concentrated  paste 
form  in  sealed  cans,  and  applied  at  the  rate  of  ten  pounds  to  fifty  to  sixty 
gallons  of  water.  Explicit  directions  with  each  package. 

5  pound  can,  #0.75  50  pound  keg,  $4.75 

10  “  “  1.25  100  “  “  9.00 

25  “  “  *.50 


Results  tell  the  Story. 

Mr.  R.  K.  Long,  River  Styx,  Ohio,  writes:  “  For  some  seven  years  I  have  been  spraying 
my  small  orchard  of  one  and  one-half  acres,  using  home-made  Bordeaux  Mixture  and  Paris  green, 
but  always  had  some  wormy  apples.  Last  year  I  applied  your  Pyrox  according  to  directions. 
The  result  was  wonderful.  My  Early  Richmond  cherries  and  plums,  always  wormy  heretofore, 
were  free  from  worms.  My  Early  Transparent  apples  were  perfect,  and  brought  25  cents  a  bushel 
above  the  market  price.  I  had  upwards  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  bushels  of  perfect  choice 
winter  apples.  When  marketed,  they  were  taken  fast,  because  there  was  nothing  like  them 
in  the  county.  This  fruit  was  entirely  free  from  worms,  smooth,  and  high  colored.  The 
results  were  remarkable  for  an  ‘  off  year,’  and  were  due  to  Bowker’s  Pyrox.” 


Fine  Frnit  from  Pyrox. 

Mr.  Charles  E.  Smith,  Pike  County,  Ohio,  writes  :  “We  sprayed  our  apple  trees 
three  times  with  your  Pyrox,  with  the  exception  of  one  tree.  This  tree  had  but  a  few  in¬ 
ferior  apples.  The  sprayed  trees  bore  all  they  ought,  and  the  fruit  was  of  fine  quality.” 


Big  Results  on  Plums. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Boyd,  Burlington  County,  N.J.,  says  :  “The  Pyrox  I  obtained  from  you 
last  spring  was  a  great  success.  I  used  it  according  to  directions,  and  found  it  easy  to  mix  and 
that  it  did  its  work  completely.  Last  year  I  had  my  first  crop  of  plums  set,  but  the  insects 
destroyed  the  entire  crop.  This  year  my  trouble  was  to  save  my  trees  from  breaking  down 
with  their  load  of  fruit.  I  had  to  spend  considerable  time  in  propping  them  up  with  poles.  I 
shall  continue  to  use  Pyrox.” 

Mr.  William  Charlton,  Allegheny  County,  Pa.,  writes:  “I  found  your  Pyrox  the 
best  preparation  I  ever  used  on  fruit  trees.  I  sprayed  my  plums  and  cherries  with  it,  and  as  a 
result  had  a  full  crop.  It  is  the  easiest  preparation  to  mix  I  have  ever  used.” 


Effective  and  generally  Useful. 

Mr.  W.  S.  Ray,  Clinton  County,  Pa.,  says  :  “  The  Pyrox  I  obtained  from  you  gave 
excellent  results.  A  Maiden  Blush  apple  tree  over  twenty  years  old,  which  has  never  borne  a 
sound  apple,  was  thoroughly  sprayed  with  Pyrox.  As  a  result  every  apple  was  a  sound,  large 
one,  free  from  injury  by  insects  or  scab.  I  found  it  of  great  benefit  to  plums,  grapes,  and 
currants.  It  killed  potato  bugs  quickly,  and,  applied  to  blackberries  afflicted  with  rust,  gave 
excellent  results.” 


Does  Double  Duty. 

Mr.  H.  A.  Harrington,  Peabody,  Mass.,  writes  :  “  The  Pyrox  worked  all  right  on 
my  fruit  trees  :  it  killed  the  canker  worms  and  especially  stopped  the  blight.” 

Mr.  D.  H.  Belcher,  Norfolk  County,  Mass.,  says  :  “Apples  were  a  very  scarce  article 
here  this  year,  and  the  trees  sprayed  with  your  Pyrox  were  about  the  only  ones  in  the  neighbor¬ 
hood  yielding  a  crop.” 


Saved  the  Strawberries. 

Mr.  Thomas  R.  Hunt,  Hunterdon  County,  N.J.,  writes:  “I  saved  a  small  straw¬ 
berry  patch  from  destruction  by  the  shot-hole  fungus  by  the  use  of  Bowker’s  Pyrox.” 


Easily  Prepared. 

Mr.  William  E.  Gowdy,  Atlantic  County,  N.J.,  writes:  “I  found  Pyrox  excellent 
in  results  on  the  apple,  peach,  grape,  and  other  fruits.  It  is  handy,  clean,  effective,  and  can 
be  prepared  in  a  few  moments.” 

Mr.  Oscar  Staples,  Hancock  County,  Me.,  says:  “I  never  found  anything  so  easy 
to  apply,  and  so  effective  in  results  on  apples,  plums,  and  small  fruits,  as  Bowker’s  Pyrox.  My 
experience  was  entirely  satisfactory.” 

Kills  Currant  Worms. 

American  Gardening  of  May  18,  1901,  says:  “Currant  worms,  always  an  annoyance 
to  be  guarded  against,  are  almost  instantly  destroyed  by  the  use  of  Pyrox.  It  is  more  easily 
applied  than  hellebore,  and  the  number  of  testimonials  that  we  have  received  in  favor  of  Pyrox 
for  killing  currant  worms  is  very  flattering  for  the  manufacturers.” 

A  well-known  Maine  farmer,  H.  B.  Coolidge,  Franklin  County,  says  :  “I  never  used 
anything  on  currant  bushes  that  I  liked  so  well  as  Bowker’s  Pyrox.  It  was  effective,  and  not 
a  currant  worm  did  I  have  after  one  spraying  until  late  in  the  fall,  when  the  fall  brood 
appeared.  They  were  treated  the  same  as  the  first  lot,  with  the  same  good  results.” 


10 


Mr.  A.  M.  Willey,  Windsor  County,  Vt.,  says  :  “  I  used  your  Pyrox  on  fruit  trees  of 
all  kinds  with  perfect  satisfaction.  I  also  used  it  for  currant  worms,  and  it  caused  them  to 
leave  the  bushes  in  quick  order.’’ 

Valuable  on  Apricots. 

Mr.  George  W.  Perry,  Grand  Isle  County,  Vt.,  says:  “The  Pyrox  gave  good 
satisfaction  wherever  tried.  I  found  it  especially  satisfactory  on  apricots,  for  which  I  particularly 
wanted  it.  It  was  also  excellent  on  potatoes.” 

Death  to  Codling-moth. 

Mr.  E.  C.  Butterfield,  Middlesex  County,  Mass.,  writes  :  “  I  found  the  Pyrox  O.K. 
One  thorough  application  will  completely  destroy  the  codling-moth  and  other  insects,  besides 
greatly  improving  the  fruit.” 

Pyrox  brings  Prizes. 

Mr.  L.  W.  Leach,  Middlesex  County,  Mass.,  says:  “I  sprayed  my  orchard  twice 
thoroughly  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox,  and  at  the  Brockton  Fair  I  won  first  prize  on  Rhode  Island 
greenings,  first  prize  on  McIntosh  reds,  first  prize  on  Roxbury  russets.” 

Mr.  E.  F.  Jennison,  Hartford,  Conn.,  writes:  “  At  the  Wethersfield  Fair  I  exhibited 
eighteen  varieties  of  apples,  grown  on  my  Lancaster  (Mass.)  place,  and  took  first  premium. 
Although  this  is  an  off  year  for  apples,  I  had  about  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  barrels,  and 
sold  the  winter  fruit  to  a  large  buyer,  who  said  they  were  the  finest  apples  he  had  ever  seen 
grown  in  that  vicinity.  I  attribute  this  result  to  the  liberal  use  of  Bowker’s  fertilizers  and  to 
the  fact  that  I  gave  the  trees  two  sprayings  with  Pyrox.  My  orchard  was  the  only  one 
in  the  whole  vicinity  that  bore  a  crop.” 


Perfect  Fruit. 


Golden  Russets  sprayed  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox. 

Mr.  C.  S.  Phinney,  the  well-known  orchardist  of  Standish,  Me.,  who  raised  these  apples  writes  : 
“  For  two  years  I  have  used  Bowker’s  Pyrox  in  my  orchard  with  profitable  results.  It  prevents 
damage  by  the  codling-rnoth  and  other  insects,  and  kills  canker  worms  in  short  order.  I  have  had 
much  experience  in  making  spraying  preparations,  but  find  Bowker’s  Pyrox  much  handier  and  easier 
to  mix  and  apply  than  any  home-made  mixtures.” 


11 


12 


A  New  “Bordeaux." 


BOWKER'S  “BODO,” 

Prevents  blight,  rust,  scab,  rot,  and  other  fungous  diseases  of  fruits  or  veg¬ 
etables.  No  fungicide  has  been  so  extensively  used  as  the  Bordeaux  Mixture 
for  combating  vegetable  parasites  which  affect  the  growth  of  useful  plants.  As 
yet  but  a  small  proportion  of  our  farmers  are  using  this  valuable  preparation. 
There  is  little  doubt  that  the  chief  barrier  standing  in  the  way  of  a  more  gen¬ 
eral  use  of  Bordeaux  Mixture  is  the  trouble  and  uncertainties  involved  in  pre¬ 
paring  it  on  the  farm. 

The  ingredients  used  in  making  it  must  be  pure.  They  must  be  weighed  out  with 
exactness,  and  dissolved,  strained,  and  mixed  with  care.  Even  then,  lumps,  grit,  and  dirt 
are  often  found  present,  and  clogging  of  the  nozzles  results. 

Bowker’s  Bodo  is  a  perfect  mixture  of  great  strength,  being  carefully 
made  by  a  competent  chemist.  Special  attention  is  paid  to  freeing  it  from 
coarse  particles.  The  ingredients  are  repeatedly  filtered,  and  the  finished 
product  is  mechanically  and  chemically  perfect. 

It  is  recommended  for  use  against  blights,  rusts,  mildews,  etc.,  and  in  all  cases  as  a 
substitute  for  home-made  Bordeaux  Mixture. 

It  is  put  up  in  the  form  of  a  concentrated  paste,  and  is  made  ready  for 
use  by  the  addition  of  the  proper  amount  of  water.  It  is  applied  at  the  rate 
of  ten  to  twenty  pounds  to  fifty  gallons  of  water.  Full  directions  with  each 
package. 

5  pound  can,  $0.50  50  pound  keg,  $3.75 

10  “  “  1. 00  100  “  “  7.00 

25  “  “  2.00 


Bodo  doubled  the  Crop. 

Alexander  Lowry,  Monticello,  Me.,  writes:  “I  am  at  a  loss  to  find  words  with 
which  to  do  justice  to  Bowker’s  Bodo.  I  used  four  hundred  pounds  of  Bodo  on  sixteen  acres 
of  potatoes,  and  as  a  result  the  vines  grew  until  killed  by  frost.  The  potatoes  were  large, 
sound,  and  of  fine  quality.  Bodo  doubled  my  crop.” 

Mr.  M.  B.  Temple,  Limestone,  Me.,  writes:  “Last  season  I  made  two  applications 
of  Bowker’s  Bodo  to  thirty-nine  acres  of  potatoes,  leaving  one  acre  unsprayed.  On  this  acre 
over  half  the  potatoes  were  rotten,  while  on  the  sprayed  field  nearly  the  whole  crop  was  sound 
and  of  good  quality,  the  tops  remaining  green  until  late  in  the  season.  From  this  experience  I 
think  very  highly  of  the  Bodo,  and  shall  use  it  three  or  four  times  next  year.” 


Bodo  is  Handy  and  Effective. 

The  well-known  potato  grower,  H.  Edblad,  of  Houlton,  Me.,  writes  :  “I  am  now 
harvesting  my  crop  of  potatoes,  and  have  an  excellent  yield  and  no  rot.  W ould  like  to  tell  you 
my  experience  with  the  Bodo  I  bought  of  you.  I  planted  forty-five  acres  to  potatoes.  1  bought 
of  you  one  ton  of  Bodo.  I  began  spraying  when  first  leaves  were  found  sufficient  to  hold  the 
spray.  I  sprayed  four  times  at  intervals  of  eight  to  ten  days.  First  time  I  used  twelve  pounds 
of  Bodo  to  fifty  gallons  of  water  per  acre ;  second  time,  sixteen  pounds  Bodo  ;  third  time, 
twenty  pounds  $  and  fourth  time,  twenty  five  pounds  per  acre. 

13 


Nearly  doubled  the  Crop. 


Mr.  S.  W.  Tabor,  of  Washburn,  Me.,  writes:  “  I  used  Bowker’s  Bodo  last  season, 
and  the  result  was  that  on  a  row  of  potatoes  thirty-five  rods  long,  that  I  sprayed,  I  got  within 
one  and  one-half  bushels  of  double  the  potatoes  that  I  did  on  a  row  that  was  not  sprayed.  I 
shall  spray  all  my  potatoes  next  year.” 

Mr.  Walter  S.  Bailey,  of  Caribou,  Me.,  writes:  “  I  used  Bodo  last  season,  and  I 
am  quite  sure  that  it  nearly  if  not  quite  doubled  my  crop  of  potatoes.  There  was  no  rot  where 
Bodo  was  used,  while  where  I  did  not  use  it  my  potatoes  were  very  rotten,  having  been  killed 
early  by  rust.” 


Valuable  for  Violet  Mildew. 

Miss  H.  E.  H  arrington,  Westchester,  N.Y.,  writes  :  “  I  used  your  Bodo  on  my 
violets,  and  they  responded  so  satisfactorily  to  the  application  that  but  one  spraying  was  necessary 
to  give  perfect  results.” 


Prevented  Grape  Rot. 


The  J.  M.  Cahoon  Company,  large  grape  growers  at  Dover,  Ohio,  write:  “We  sprayed 
our  grapes  with  Bowker’s  Bodo,  with  good  results.  From  a  vineyard  of  Moore’s  Early  we 
harvested  but  one  hundred  and  forty  baskets  in  1900,  because  of  damage  by  mildew  and  rot. 
In  1901  the  same  vineyard,  well  sprayed  with  your  Bodo,  yielded  about  four  thousand  baskets.” 


High  Praise  from  AroostooK. 

Mr.  H.  C.  Richardson,  of  Fort  Fairfield,  Me.,  writes:  “Where  I  applied  Bowker’s 
Bodo  thoroughly,  it  increased  my  crop  of  potatoes  one-third,  and  the  quality  was  very  much 
better.  You  may  use  this  statement  as  you  see  fit.” 


Bodo  and  StocKbridge  a  Strong  Combination. 

Mr.  H.  W.  Blaisdell,  Fort  Fairfield,  Me.,  writes  :  “  I  used  your  Bodo  Mixture  on 

potatoes  this  season,  and  am  very  well  satisfied  with  the  results  obtained.  I  applied  it  on  a 
twenty-acre  field,  except  on  parts  left  for  experiment,  applying  it  three  times  and  using  from 
seven  to  eight  pounds  to  the  acre  each  time.  On  one  plot  untreated  I  harvested  on  one  row 
three  baskets  of  potatoes,  part  of  them  rotten.  From  a  row  alongside,  treated,  five  baskets  of 
sound  ones  were  harvested.  The  tops  on  the  untreated  plot  died  two  weeks  before  those  which 
were  treated. 

“  On  another  plot,  untreated,  I  could  not  see  much  difference  in  the  tops  from  those 
which  had  been  treated,  as  they  both  remained  green  until  killed  by  the  frost;  but  on  digging  I 
found  the  difference,  there  being  five  baskets  of  potatoes  in  the  row  treated  and  four  in  the  row 
untreated. 

“  I  also  used  on  the  field  nine  hundred  pounds  of  Stockbridge  Fertilizer  to  the  acre,  and 
harvested  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighteen  barrels  of  sound  potatoes.  In  my  opinion, 
the  farmer  who  uses  Bodo  Mixture  and  Stockbridge  Fertilizer  will  be  sure  to  be  pleased  with 
the  results,  for  they  make  a  strong  combination.” 

14 


“  I  am  fully  satisfied  that  spraying  has  given  me  a  return  of  four  dollars  for  every  dollar 
paid  out.  The  last  spraying  I  did  I  was  obliged  to  hire  a  party  to  do  the  labor,  as  I  was  busy 
haying.  This  party  had  been  using  home-made  Bordeaux  on  his  own  fields,  and  remarked 
how  much  better  your  Bodo  worked  through  the  nozzles  than  the  mixture  he  had  been  using. 

“  I  am  a  firm  believer  in  Bowker’s  goods,  and  shall  want  more  next  season.” 


Kept  the  Tops  Green. 

Messrs.  Knapp  Brothers,  Portage  County,  Ohio,  say  :  “The  Bodo  bought  from  your 
house  proved  entirely  satisfactory.  Where  used  on  potatoes,  the  tops  remained  green  until  the 
frost  killed  them.  The  yield  was  a  good  one,  and  the  tubers  large  and  fair.” 

Mr.  A.  E.  Spofford,  Rockingham  County,  N.H.,says  :  “I  applied  your  Bodo  once  on 
a  portion  of  my  potato  field  with  marked  benefit,  and  am  confident  it  would  have  more  than 
paid  me  to  have  given  all  my  potatoes  three  applications  of  Bodo.” 


No  Blight  where  Bodo  was  used. 

From  the  well-known  firm  of  Irving  &  Ricker,  Caribou,  Me.,  we  have  the  follow¬ 
ing  :  “We  used  Bowker’s  Bodo  as  follows  :  we  sprayed  all  the  potatoes  twice,  but  when 
going  over  them  the  third  and  last  time  the  spray  gave  out  about  twenty  rods  from  the  end  on 
four  rows.  Two  weeks  later  these  unsprayed  potatoes  began  to  show  signs  of  rust  and  then 
blighted  badly,  while  the  rest  of  the  field  never  showed  the  least  signs  of  rust  until  killed  by 
frost. 

“  At  digging  we  got  one  and  one-half  times  the  potatoes  from  the  sprayed  vines  that  we 
did  from  the  unsprayed,  and  one-third  of  the  potatoes  that  were  taken  from  the  unsprayed 
portion  were  rotten,  while  there  was  no  rot  on  the  rest  of  the  piece.” 


Prevented  BligHt  and  Rot. 

Arthur  Willy,  Aroostook  County,  Me.,  writes  :  “I  sprayed  my  potatoes  three  times 
with  Bodo,  using  seven  pounds  per  acre  each  time,  and  leaving  one  row  which  I  did  not  spray. 
This  row  died  from  rust,  and  very  much  earlier  than  those  that  were  sprayed. 

“  When  digging  I  took  from  the  unsprayed  row  six  and  one-half  bushels  of  market 
potatoes  and  one  bushel  small  and  rotten.  From  the  same  length  on  the  adjoining  sprayed  row 
I  took  eleven  bushels  of  market  potatoes  and  one  bushel  small,  but  no  rotten  ones.” 

Isaac  Kearney,  Aroostook  County,  Me.,  says  :  “I  used  Bowker’s  Bodo  on  my 
potatoes,  leaving  two  rows  that  I  did  not  spray.  Four  weeks  before  the  harvest  the  two  rows 
were  killed  by  the  rust,  the  rest  of  the  field  remaining  green  until  killed  by  frost.” 


Valuable  on  Asparagus. 

Mr.  L.  B.  Smith,  Bridgewater,  Mass.,  writes  :  “I  used  your  Bodo  on  asparagus  the 
past  season,  and  found  that  it  came  up  to  your  recommendations,  both  in  ease  of  application  and 
results.  I  can  save  labor  and  time  by  using  it.” 

ChecKed  Cucumber  BligHt. 

Mr.  C.  W.  Statler,  Richland  County,  Ohio,  says:  “We  used  your  Bodo  on 
cucumber  and  other  vines,  and  found  it  very  effective.  It  is  in  convenient  form  and  easy  to 
apply.” 

From  The  Rural  New  Yorker ,  June  23,  1900  :  “  We  have  tried  the  prepared  insecti¬ 
cides  made  by  the  Bowker  Chemical  Company.  The  Bodo  is  a  perfect  substitute  for  home¬ 
made  Bordeaux,  while  Boxal  certainly  does  the  work  expected  from  Bordeaux  and  Paris  green 
mixed.” 


15 


is 


How  “Disparene”  saves  Trees. 

The  photograph  on  the  left  shows  a  large  elm  at  Jamaica  Plain,  Boston,  which  had  been  defoliated  by  the  elm-leaf  beetle  ;  while  the  photograph  outlie  right  shows  elms  on 
Worcester  Common,  Mass.,  which  have  been  protected  from  the  ravages  of  this  insect  by  spraying  with  Bowker’s  Disparene. 

Don.  J^mes  Draper,  Secretary  of  the  Worcester  Parks  Commission,  writes  :  “  In  our  spraying  operations  we  used  Bowker’s  Disparene,  which  was  very  effective  when  properlv 
applied.  I  he  most  mfestea  elms  were  sprayed  first,  and  the  foliage  was  well  preserved.” 


For  the  Elm- leaf  Beetle,  etc. 


BOWHER’S  “  DISPARENE  ” 


Or  Arsenate  of  Lead. 

It  “  Sticks  like  Paints 

Disparene  kills  all  leaf-eating  insects, —  elm-leaf  beetle,  canker  worm, 
Codling-moth,  tussock  moth,  cranberry  fire-worm,  cut  worms,  brown- 
tail  moth,  gypsy  moth,  potato  bug,  and  similar  insects.  Disparene  is  our 
trade  name  for  a  very  concentrated  arsenate  of  lead,  and  is  much  superior  to 
the  ordinary  so-called  arsenate  of  lead. 

Disparene  is  safer  than  any  other  arsenical  insecticide  $  kills  the  insects,  does  not  burn 
the  leaves,  and  sticks  like  paint  throughout  the  season.  Disparene  is  the  only  arsenical 
insecticide  known  that  can  be  safely  used  at  any  strength  on  the  most  delicate  foliage. 

It  is  probably  the  most  effective  poisonous  insecticide  that  has  ever  been 
discovered  for  leaf-eating  insects.  It  has  never  failed  to  destroy  insects  show¬ 
ing  the  greatest  resistance  to  mineral  poisons,  and  for  many  insects  where 
other  remedies  have  failed  this  has  proved  a  specific.  This  is  particularly  true 
in  the  cases  of  the  gypsy  moth,  canker  worm,  elm-leaf  beetle,  and  grape-root 
worm. 

The  complete  insolubility  of  Disparene  renders  it  safe  to  apply  to  foliage  at  any  desired 
strength,  'without  burning  or  scorching.  It  is  invaluable  for  use  on  cranberry  and  grape 
vines  and  on  peach  and  plum  trees,  whose  delicate  leaves  preclude  the  use  of  Paris  green. 


In  all  cases  it  may  be  safely  substituted  for  Paris  green,  which  often  in¬ 
jures  the  foliage.  On  once  becoming  dry  it  adheres  firmly  to  the  leaves,  and 
is  not  materially  washed  off  by  heavy  rains.  A  spring  application  is  often 
effective  against  insects  appearing  in  the  fall. 


Disparene  remains  suspended  in  water  with  a  very  little  agitation,  thus  affording  an 
even  spray,  and  its  presence  is  shown  by  its  white  color  on  the  foliage.  It  is  now  gener¬ 
ally  used  in  the  leading  parks  and  orchards  of  the  East  and  wherever  it  is  necessary  to 
spray  valuable  trees  or  shrubbery. 


Disparene  is  mixed  with  water 
fifty  gallons,  and  applied  as  a  spray. 

2  pound  can,  $0.50 
5  “  “  i„oo 

10  “  “  1.80 


:  the  rate  of  three  to  six  pounds  to 
Full  directions  with  each  package. 

25  pound  can,  $4.25 
50  “  keg,  8.00 
100  "  “  15.00 


From  a  Leading  Entomologist. 


Prof.  John  B.  Smith,  Entomologist  New  Jersey  Experiment  Station,  says:  “lean 
say  briefly  that  the  Disparene  has  proved  thoroughly  satisfactory  and  safe  wherever  used.  My 
experience  with  it  has  been  so  satisfactory  this  year  that  I  have  recommended  it  widely.” 

17 


Endorsed  by  Experiment  Stations. 

Prof.  H.  J.  Wheeler,  Director  Rhode  Island  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  writes: 
“  I  watched  the  experiments  with  your  Disparene  quite  closely  during  the  summer,  and  am 
aware  that  it  was  very  efficacious.” 

Director  C.  E.  Thorne,  Ohio  Experiment  Station,  in  Press  Bulletin  No.  224,  May 
27,  1901,  says:  “Inasmuch  as  Bordeaux  Mixture  ...  is  needed  for  apple  scab  and  other 
fungous  diseases,  the  most  economical  plan  is  to  spray  with  this  mixture,  adding  sufficient 
poison  to  kill  the  worms.  .  .  .  Three  or  four  pounds  per  barrel  of  Disparene  may  be  better  (than 
Paris  green)  for  the  reason  given  below.  ...  If  it  is  desired  to  use  poison  alone,  either 
arsenate  of  lead  or  Disparene  is  preferable,  because  neither  injures  the  foliage.” 


Dollars  from  Disparene. 

The  well-known  horticulturist,  Dr.  W.  I.  Chamberlain,  in  the  Ohio  Farmer  of  Novem¬ 
ber  7,  1901,  gives  figures  showing  his  net  profits  from  five  acres  of  bearing  apple  trees  for  that  year 
to  be  $1,600.35.  He  says  :  “  The  reason  why  the  apples  were  so  perfect  this  off  year,  when 
imperfect  and  wormy  apples  were  elsewhere  so  very  common,  was  because  of  the  thorough 
spraying  given  them,  and  especially  the  late  spraying  with  Bordeaux  Mixture  and  Disparene. 
The  latter  (unlike  Paris  green)  held  to  the  fruit  long  enough  to  kill  the  second  brood  of  the 
codling-moth  worms.” 

In  the  Farmer  of  December  12,  1901,  Dr.  Chamberlain  says:  “The  Disparene 
sticks  on  like  paint,  and  kills  the  second  brood  of  the  codling-moth  worm  j  but  for  spraying  I 
should  probably  not  get  $200  from  my  apple  trees  this  year.  I  know  this  from  a  few  trees  we 
left  without  spraying.  They  had  almost  no  perfect  apples.  The  sprayed  ones  had  almost  no 
imperfect  ones.” 

From  a  Prominent  Agricultural  Dealer. 

Messrs.  H.  C.  Puffer  Company,  Springfield,  Mass.,  write  :  “  We  are  very  much  pleased 
with  the  results  obtained  from  spraying  with  your  Disparene.  It  does  all  that  you  claim  for  it.” 


Good  Results  in  the  Orchard. 

Hon.  James  C.  Poor,  Essex  County,  Mass.,  says  :  “The  Disparene  bought  of  you  was 
used  on  some  apple  trees  that  were  badly  affected  with  canker  worms.  One  spraying,  which 
was  very  quickly  and  easily  done,  stopped  them,  and  we  have  some  very  large,  sound  apples  on 
the  trees  that  were  sprayed.  I  like  the  Disparene  very  well.  It  is  easy  to  apply  and  prompt  in 
effect.  *  ’ 

Mr.  Joseph  C.  Steele,  Preble  County,  Ohio,  writes:  “  We  used  your  Disparene  on 
plum,  Russian  apricots,  and  apple  trees,  for  the  canker  worm.  After  applying  it,  the  worms 
disappeared  in  short  order.  ’  ’ 


Disparene  Holds  Fast. 

The  Ohio  Farmer  of  June  14,  1900,  referring  editorially  to  Bowker’s  Disparene,  say"  : 
“We  shall  use  Disparene  in  preference  to  Paris  green  hereafter  in  our  orchards  for  codling- 
moth  and  tent  caterpillar  and  on  our  potatoes  for  the  bugs,  using  it  in  Bordeaux  Mixture. 
We  expect  to  save  far  more  on  the  labor  than  the  extra  cost  of  material.  Paris  green  washes 
off  in  the  first  heavy  rain.  Disparene  holds  fast.” 

Value  on  Strawberries. 

Few  strawberry  growers  are  better  known  than  the  Hon.  R.  M.  Kellogg,  President 
Michigan  State  Horticultural  Society.  He  says  :  “The  Disparene  you  sent  me  was  an  entire 
success.  It  disposed  of  all  leaf-eating  insects,  and  did  not  injure  the  strawberry  foliage  in  the 
least.  I  regard  it  as  very  much  superior  to  Paris  green. 

18 


Killed  Brown-tail  Moth. 

Mr.  George  W.  McKee,  Forester,  Medford,  Mass.,  writes:  “I  used  your  Disparene 
extensively  against  the  brown-tail  moth,  and  with  excellent  results.  It  killed  the  insects  quickly, 
and  stuck  to  the  leaves  through  several  very  hard  rains.  I  used  an  extremely  fine  nozzle,  but 
the  Disparene  never  clogged  it.  It  was  easy  to  mix  and  apply,  and  kept  up  in  the  water  with 
little  stirring.” 

Effective  on  Roses. 

American  Gardening  of  May  18,  1901,  in  referring  to  insects  which  attack  roses,  says: 
“All  leaf-eating  insects  are  effectively  destroyed  by  Disparene.  When  we  first  began  to  use  it, 
we  were  a  little  afraid  of  the  results  on  the  foliage,  but  after  repeated  trials  find  that  it  is  quite 
safe.” 

Mrs.  Kate  L.  Smith,  Roxbury,  Mass.,  writes:  “I  used  your  Disparene  for  slugs  and 
worms  on  rose  bushes  with  excellent  results.” 

A  Remedy  for  Grape-root  Worm. 

Mr.  S.  W.  Smart,  Lake  County,  Ohio,  says:  “I  have  used  your  Disparene  for  two 
years  on  my  vineyard,  for  the  grape-root  worm.  I  think  another  season,  with  as  many  spray¬ 
ings  as  the  vines  had  this  year,  will  nearly  free  them  from  the  beetle.  We  applied  Paris  green 
twice  to  our  potatoes,  yet  the  bugs  thrived  on  it.  One  dose  of  Disparene  finished  them.  I 
think  it  more  effective  and  cheaper  than  Paris  green.” 

From  a  Well-Known  Editor. 

Mr.  Benedict  Prieth,  the  well-known  editor  of  the  New  Jersey  Freie  Zeitung ,  says: 
“  The  Disparene  was  very  satisfactory  in  protecting  my  trees  and  shrubs  from  the  ravages  of  the 
caterpillar  and  other  insects.  It  made  my  garden  look  like  an  oasis  in  a  desert.” 

What  Cranberry  Growers  say. 

A.  D.  Makepeace,  West  Barnstable,  Mass.,  the  largest  cranberry  grower  in  New  Eng¬ 
land,  writes:  “  I  have  a  good  opinion  of  insecticides  of  the  arsenate  of  lead  class,  for  cranberry 
leaf  eating  insects.  We  have  used  a  considerable  quantity  of  these  goods  the  past  season,  some 
being  of  your  manufacture  and  some  of  our  own  mixture,  both  with  good  results.  ” 

Mr.  William  Dixon,  a  successful  Massachusetts  cranberry  grower,  says:  “Last  spring 
I  made  three  divisions  of  my  cranberry  bog,  on  the  first  of  which  I  used  Paris  green  ;  on  the 
second  I  used  an  insecticide  manufactured  at  Dennisport ;  and  on  the  remaining  third  I  used 
Bowker’s  Disparene.  The  beneficial  effects  of  the  Disparene  could  be  seen  almost  from  the 
start,  and  from  that  part  of  the  field  I  obtained  a  most  satisfactory  crop  of  cranberries.  The 
remainder  of  the  field,  on  which  Disparene  was  not  used,  turned  out  to  be  practically  a  total  loss.” 

Killed  Span-worms. 

The  well-known  growers,  Jones  &  Heald,  Barnstable  County,  Mass.,  write:  “  We  think 
very  favorably  of  the  Disparene  we  bought  of  your  house.  It  was  used  on  our  cranberry  swamps, 
we  think,  with  great  effect.  We  used  it  particularly  for  the  span-worm,  after  our  bogs  were  in 
bloom,  without  injury  to  the  blossoms.” 

Disparene  saves  Crops. 

Mr.  S.  A.  Besse,  New  York,  the  owner  of  a  large  bog,  writes:  “  During  May  and  June 
of  1900  our  cranberry  bogs  were  twice  sprayed  with  Disparene.  For  two  years  before  we  suf¬ 
fered  greatly  from  the  ravages  of  fire-worms.  We  had  very  few  beds  injured  by  worms,  and 
harvested  the  largest  crop  we  ever  had.” 

Better  than  Tobacco  Water. 

The  secretary  of  the  Starr  Bog  Company,  Mr.  Alton  H.  Barr,  Worcester  County, 
Mass.,  says:  “We  had  good  results  in  using  Disparene  for  fire-worms  and  span-worms.  It 
adhered  to  the  foliage,  and  was  much  superior  to  tobacco  water,  which  we  had  used  seasons 
before.” 


19 


From  William  F.  Gale,  Springfield’s  City  Forester. 

The  work  which  City  Forester  W.  F.  Gale  has  done  against  the  elm-leaf  beetle  at  Spring- 
field  is  a  model  of  its  kind,  it  has  been  a  striking  object  lesson  to  foresters  and  park  superin¬ 
tendents  throughout  New  England.  Mr.  Gale  writes: _ 

‘  We  used  last  year  a  little  less  than  two  tons  of  your  Disparene  on  our  street  trees  as  a 
protection  against  the  elm-leaf  beetle.  The  results  were  very  satisfactory  :  less  than  four  per  cent, 
ot  our  elms  were  defoliated,  which  is  conclusive  evidence  that  this  insecticide  is  effective.  There 
is  but  one  way  to  protect  trees  from  leaf-eating  insects,  and  that  is  by  spraying.  I  know  of 
no  better  preparation  to  use  than  Bowker’s  Disparene.” 

Mr.  W.  A.  Wight,  Middlesex  County,  Mass.,  writes:  “I  sold  a  large  quantity  of  your 
Disparene  last  summer  for  use  against  the  brown-tail  moth.  It  was  found  to  be  satisfactory  in 
every  respect.” 


From  a  Prominent  Horticulturist. 

Prof.  W.  J.  Green,  Experiment  Station,  Wooster,  Ohio,  in  the  Ohio  Farmer  of  May  30, 
1901,  says:  “  Disparene  will  do  in  place  of  Paris  green  for  both  the  plum  curculio  and  canker 
worm, —  in  fact,  it  is  cheaper  in  every  way.  The  thing  to  do  in  this  case  is  to  make  fighting 
canker  worms  the  principal  business,  and  Disparene  is  the  best  thing  to  use.” 

Valuable  for  ParRs. 

Mr.  H.  L.  Frost,  of  Boston,  Professional  Forester,  says:  “  During  the  seasons  of  1900— 1901 
I  used  a  very  large  quantity  of  your  Disparene,  and  find  it  entirely  satisfactory  in  every  way.  I 
find  that  it  adheres  well  to  the  foliage,  and  have  failed  to  find  any  case  of  burning,  though  we 
have  used  a  very  strong  solution  in  extreme  infestations  of  the  canker  worm  and  elm-leaf  beetle. 
It  is  more  expensive  than  other  arsenical  poisons  as  per  first  cost,  but  much  less  expensive  as 
per  results.  We  believe  it  to  be  the  only  poison  for  leaf-eating  insects,  and  shall  recommend 
it  as  such  to  all  who  ask  our  opinion.” 

A  Sure  Remedy  for  Elm-leaf  Beetle. 

Mr.  Theodore  Wirth,  Superintendent  of  Parks,  Hartford,  Conn.,  writes:  “We  have 
used  your  Disparene  for  the  last  two  years  against  the  elm  beetle,  and  have  been  successful  with 
the  same.  It  is  easily  prepared,  adheres  to  the  foliage  after  once  drying  on,  and  does  deadly 
work  among  the  insects.” 

Mr.  H.  O.  Taylor,  New  York,  says:  “I  used  your  Disparene  as  directed  on  my  elms 
at  Cobalt,  Conn.,  last  spring,  and  found  it  very  effective.  I  think  it  killed  90  per  cent,  of  the 
beetles  and  larvae.  It  remained  on  the  leaves  indefinitely.” 

Killed  the  Beetles  qtuicKly. 

Mr.  S.  H.  Sturgis,  Tree  Warden,  Hull,  Mass.,  says:  “  In  reply  to  your  card  I  would  say 
that  for  the  uses  to  which  I  put  your  Disparene  the  effect  was  prompt.  The  practical  value  of 
the  insecticide  is  great.  When  I  want  anything  for  the  same  purpose  again,  I  will  know  where 
to  send.” 

Tree  Warden  Thomas  Bywater,  of  Groton,  Mass.,  writes:  “  As  tree  warden  I  sprayed 
extensively  with  Bowker’s  Disparene,  to  prevent  damage  by  the  elm-leaf  beetle.  This  insect 
has  been  very  injurious  in  this  town  for  the  past  two  or  three  years.  This  Disparene  worked  to 
perfection  and  gave  complete  satisfaction.  The  sprayed  trees  were  kept  in  good  foliage,  while 
the  unsprayed  were  severely  injured.  I  shall  advise  the  use  of  Disparene  next  year.” 

From  a  Well-Known  Firm  of  Nurserymen. 

The  name  of  Thomas  Meehan  &  Son  is  doubtless  known  wherever  fruit  or  shade  trees 
are  grown  in  this  country.  They  write  :  — 

“We  have  given  Bowker’s  Disparene  a  thorough  test  for  the  bag  worm,  and  found  it 
very  effective.” 


20 


Keeps  Caterpillars  Down. 

BOWKER’S  BODLIME. 


For  Canker  'Worms. 

Bowker’s  Bodlime  prevents  canker  worms,  cut  worms,  caterpillars,  ants, 
and  all  creeping  things  from  crawling  up  trees.  It  is  a  sticky  composition  of 
pleasant  odor  and  color,  and  is  applied  to  the  bark  in  a  narrow  band  about 
two  inches  wide,  one-half  an  inch  thick  at  the  bottom,  and  tapered  in  to  the 
bark  at  the  top. 

Metal  tree  protectors  are  of  small  practical  value  :  they  need  constant  care,  are  soon 
outgrown,  or  rust  out.  The  labor  required  to  keep  them  in  repair  will  pay  for  several 
applications  of  Bodlime. 

Bodlime  needs  no  watching,  and  is  always  serviceable.  Ink  or  tar  bands 
soon  dry  up,  and  need  frequent  renewal.  Bodlime  does  not  dry  up,  needs 
no  renewal,  one  banding  being  sufficient  for  an  entire  season. 

Wool  or  cotton  bands  become  matted  by  rain,  and  insects  pass  over  them.  Bodlime 
is  not  affected  by  the  weather,  and  no  insects  can  cross  it.  Bodlime  is  also  useful  in  keep¬ 
ing  the  caterpillars  of  the  brown-tail  and  tussock  moths  from  ascending  trees. 

Properly  applied,  Bodlime  saves  the  labor  of  spraying,  and  preserves  and 
protects  the  tree.  Its  use  will  insure  foliage  on  your  shade  trees  and  fruit  in 
your  orchard.  One-fourth  to  one  pound  is  sufficient  per  tree,  according  to 
size.  Full  directions  with  each  package. 

Caution.  Always  remove  the  bands  after  all  danger  from  insects  has 
passed. 

5  pound  can,  $o  75  50  pound  keg,  $4.00 

10  “  “  1.25  100  “  “  7.50 

25  “  “  2.25 

What  our  Customers  say. 

William  H.  Spooner,  Esq.,  ex- President  of  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society, 
writes  as  follows  :  “  Last  autumn  I  used  Bowker’s  Bodlime  on  my  elm,  cherry,  and  apple  trees 
as  a  preventive  against  the  canker  worm,  and  with  excellent  success.  My  trees  have  never 
been  as  free  from  depredations  of  this  insect  as  now.  I  consider  the  experiment  a  success,  and 
shall  use  Bodlime  again.  As  the  material  is  applied  to  the  tree  without  paper,  it  is  much  more 
convenient  to  use  than  printer’s  ink.” 

From  a  Practical  Farmer. 

Mr.  George  F.  Hildreth,  a  progressive  Middlesex  County  (Mass.)  farmer,  writes: 
“  Last  spring  I  used  Bowker’s  Bodlime  on  my  orchard  trees,  to  prevent  damage  by  canker 
worms.  The  results  were  very  satisfactory.  My  trees  kept  in  good  foliage  throughout  the 
season,  while  untreated  trees  in  the  vicinity  were  badly  injured.  I  prefer  to  use  Bodlime  rather 
than  printer’s  ink,  because  with  the  latter  substance  I  have  to  ink  the  trees  five  or  six  times, 
while  with  the  Bodlime  one  good  application  does  the  business.” 

Bodlime  protected  Street  Trees. 

Commissioner  P.  R.  Bugbee,  of  Hanover,  N.H.,  writes:  “Answering  your  recent  letter 
concerning  the  use  of  Bodlime  for  preventing  damage  to  trees  by  the  canker  worm,  I  beg  to 
say  that  we  used  over  a  thousand  pounds  on  the  shade  trees  of  the  village  this  spring.  We 
found  it  very  effective,  and  its  thorough  use  is  all  that  saved  our  trees  from  the  ravages  of  the 
pe§t,  ” 


21 


From  tbe  New  Hampshire  State  Entomologist. 

Prof.  C.  M.  Weed,  State  Entomologist,  New  Hampshire  State  Experiment  Station,  in 
Bulletin  No.  85,  on  the  canker  worm,  writes  :  — 

“  Various  substances  have  been  used  in  the  past  for  this  banding  of  the  trees,  printers’  ink 
being  perhaps  the  most  popular  of  these.  The  best  thing  now  available,  however,  is  the  sub¬ 
stance  called  Bodlime,  made  by  the  Bowker  Insecticide  Company,  of  Boston,  Mass.  This  is  a 
thick,  pasty  material,  which  may  be  put  directly  upon  the  bark  of  the  trees  in  a  wide  band.  It 
will  remain  fresh  and  in  position  for  months.” 

Complete  Remedy  for  CanKer  Worm. 

S.  H.  Folsom,  Esq.,  Registrar  of  Probate,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  writes:  “I  made  one  appli¬ 
cation  of  your  Bodlime  to  my  apple  trees  last  spring,  which  nearly  freed  my  trees  of  the  canker 
worms  which  for  years  have  infested  them.  I  regard  your  Bodlime,  applied  early  in  the  spring, 
a  complete  remedy  for  the  canker  worm.” 

Protects  from  Caterpillars. 

Mr.  H.  M.  Nelson,  of  the  Citizens’  Savings  Bank  and  Trust  Company,  St.  Johnsbury, 
Vt.,  writes:  “  I  used  Bodlime,  manufactured  by  the  Bowker  Chemical  Company,  on  my  shade 
trees  this  spring  and  early  .summer,  ancl  found  the  article  first-class  in  preventing  the  forest  tent 
caterpillar  and  other  crawling  pests  from  climbing  the  trees,  remaining  the  entire  time  it  was 
on  the  trees  nearly  as  soft  and  sticky  as  when  first  applied.” 

The  Bands  Kept  SticRy. 

The  proprietor  of  the  Elmside  (Mass.)  Farm,  E.  C.  Barber,  writes:  “In  regard  to  the 
Bodlime  which  I  used  on  my  trees  last  spring,  I  will  say  that  it  will  hold  the  moths  of  the  canker 
worm,  and  I  liked  it  particularly  for  the  reason  that  it  did  not  harden  as  quickly  as  the  tree 
ink.” 

Stopped  Climbing  Cut  Worms. 

Many  Western  fruit  growers  have  been  troubled  by  cut  worms,  which  climb  the  trees  and 
destroy  buds  and  foliage.  Mr.  C.  C.  Chesebro,  Van  Buren  County,  Mich.,  used  Bowker’s 
Bodlime  in  combating  these  insects.  He  writes:  “The  cutworms  did  not  crawl  over  the 
Bodlime  bands.  Soon  after  putting  on  the  Bodlime  I  went  out  with  a  lantern  one  night  and 
watched  the  cut  worms  vainly  try  to  crawl  over  the  bands.  I  did  not  apply  the  Bodlime  nearly 
as  thick  as  you  advised,  and  it  answered  the  purpose  just  as  well.” 


Bodlime  prevents  Damage. 

Mr.  Frank  L.  Gage,  a  Massachusetts  cemetery  superintendent,  writes:  “Where  Bow¬ 
ker’s  Bodlime  was  used,  the  female  canker-worm  moths  were  unable  to  ascend  the  trees,  and 
the  number  of  pests  was  greatly  reduced.  Unfortunately,  some  of  the  trees  under  my  care  were 
badly  infested  before  I  applied  the  Bodlime,  and  in  these  cases  spraying  was  necessary.  I  have 
no  hesitancy  in  saying  that,  if  the  trees  are  free  from  canker  worms  to  start  with,  Bodlime  will 
keep  them  entirely  free.  I  shall  use  Bodlime  as  a  preventive,  as  I  believe  in  that  capacity  it 
cannot  be  excelled.” 

Prevents  Injury  by  Ants. 

From  Washington,  D.C.,  W.  Curtiss,  Esq.,  writes:  “  Replying  to  yours  of  August  6, 
I  would  say  that  Bodlime  was  effective  in  preventing  damage  by  the  canker  worm  and  black 
ants.  I  am  much  pleased  with  all  the  preparations  received  from  your  house.” 


Very  Effective. 

Prof.  C.  R.  Lanman,  of  Harvard  University,  writes:  “  The  elms  on  my  place  seem  to 
have  done  remarkably  well  this  year,  and  the  Bodlime  seems  to  me  to  be  an  effectual  and  con¬ 
venient  means  of  protection  to  the  trees  from  the  ravages  of  noxious  insects.  I  have  just  had  it 
applied  anew  according  to  directions,  and  intend  to  persist  in  its  use.” 

22 


For  San  Jose  Scale ,  etc. 


BOWKER’S  TREE  SOAP. 

For  Scale  Insects. 

This  soap  is  made  from  high-grade  materials,  particularly  to  meet  the 
demand  for  an  effective  treatment  for  the  San  Jose  scale  and  other  armored 
scales.  The  ordinary  whale  oil  soaps  sometimes  used  for  this  purpose  contain 
soda,  are  hard,  and  do  not  dissolve  readily.  They  thicken  in  cold  water,  and 
are  unsuited  for  use  as  winter  washes. 

Bowker’s  Tree  Soap  contains  no  soda,  mixes  easily  with  cold  water,  and  may  be 
sprayed  at  any  temperature  above  freezing.  If  is  especially  valuable  for  the  treatment  of 
the  San  Jose  scale  and  allied  insects,  since  the  caustic  potash  which  it  contains  is  very 
effective  in  dissolving  the  waxy  coverings  of  these  insects. 

This  insecticide  may  be  used  on  greenhouse  and  other  plants,  to  destroy 
plant  lice,  and  in  all  cases  may  be  safely  substituted  for  whale  oil  soap.  Full 
directions  with  each  package. 

5  pound  can,  #0.50 

IO  “  “  I. OO 

25  “  “  2.25 

The  Best  Kind  of  an  Endorsement. 

Massachusetts’s  well-known  entomologist,  Prof.  C.  H.  Fernald,  writes:  “I  sprayed  pear 
trees,  badly  infested  with  the  pear  psylla,  with  Bowker’s  Tree  Soap,  and  obtained  excellent 
results.  Had  I  received  the  sample  in  time,  the  success  would  have  been  even  greater,  as  the 
insects  were  able  to  fly  at  the  time  the  spraying  was  done.” 

Mr.  E.  K.  Betts,  Troy,  N.Y.,  says:  “  What  I  don’t  know  about  bugs  and  things  would 
fill  a  large  book.  But  the  Yankee,  the  Dane,  and  the  Englishman,  who  are  the  real  proprie¬ 
tors  of  my  small  farm,  all  say  Bowker’s  Tree  Soap  is  the  best  they  ever  saw,  and  I  guess  they 
know}  so  I  am  satisfied  it  is  a  good  thing  and  all  right.” 

One  of  the  Oldest  Nurserymen  in  New  England 
says  s  — 

“  We  have  used  Bowker’s  Tree  Soap,  manufactured  by  the  Bowker  Chemical  Company, 
against  aphids  and  the  elm-bark  louse,  and  have  found  it  satisfactory,  and  have  taken  occasion 
to  recommend  it  to  many  of  our  customers.  We  consider  it  a  good  thing  for  either  amateurs 
or  professionals  to  use.” 

A  Remedy  for  San  Jose  Scale. 

Mr.  G.  A.  Parker,  Superintendent  Keney  Park,  Hartford,  Conn.,  says:  “  I  found  your 
Tree  Soap  very  effective  in  combating  the  San  Jose  scale,  and  shall  use  it  quite  extensively  this 
winter.  It  is  absolutely  non-injurious  to  dormant  plants,  conifers  included.” 

Mr.  Joseph  E.  Perkins,  Greenwood,  Mass.,  writes:  “  I  used  your  Tree  Soap  on  fruit 
trees  infested  with  the  San  Jose  scale,  and  am  satisfied  that  if  it  is  applied  as  a  winter  wash  it 
will  quickly  exterminate  the  pest.” 

Kills  Scale  Insects. 

Mrs.  E.  L.  Graham,  Norfolk  County,  Mass.,  says:  “  I  used  your  Tree  Soap  against  scale 
insects  with  complete  success,  and  have  recommended  it  to  several  of  my  neighbors.” 

23 


50  pound  keg,  $4.00 
100  “  “  7.50 


HOW  SPRAYING  PAYS. 


Sprayed  Gravensteins. 


For  Tlant  Lice,  etc. 


BOWKER’S  INSECT  EMULSION. 


This  insecticide  has  made  a  decided  “hit.”  It  has  been  extensively 
used  by  prominent  gardeners  and  fruit  growers  with  the  best  results.  It  is  a 
carefully  made  emulsion,  containing  several  oils  of  great  value  as  insecticides, 
and  is  put  up  in  handy  form  for  ready  use.  It  does  away  with  the  trouble 
of  making  emulsions,  and  affords  an  insecticide  of  double  the  strength  of  ker¬ 
osene  emulsion. 

For  use  it  is  diluted  one  part  to  twenty  parts  of  water,  hence  it  is  probably  the  most 
economical  known  remedy  for  plant  lice,  green  fly,  black  fly,  aphids,  mealy  bugs,  scales, 
and  allied  insects.  While  it  is  invaluable  for  use  in  greenhouses,  it  is  just  as  effective  when 
used  to  destroy  plant  lice  on  cherry,  peach,  or  other  trees. 

It  is  a  cheap  and  complete  substitute  for  kerosene  emulsion,  whale  oil 
soap,  and  similar  preparations,  and  is  probably  the  handiest  and  most  generally 
useful  emulsion  now  on  the  market. 

Will  keep  in  all  climates.  Full  directions  for  use  with  each  package. 

1  quart  can,  #0.50  2  gallon  can,  $1.75 

2  “  “  .75  5  “  keg,  3.00 

1  gallon  “  x.oo 

From  the  Secretary  Massachusetts  Board  of 
Agriculture. 

The  Hon.  J.  W.  Stockwell,  Boston,  Mass.,  writes:  “I  have  used  with  great  satisfac¬ 
tion  the  Insect  Emulsion  prepared  by  the  Bowker  Chemical  Company.  It  not  only  does  all 
that  is  claimed  for  it  as  an  insect  destroyer,  but  it  is  ready  when  wanted  for  immediate  use. 
This  last  is  important,  as  the  work  of  preparing  the  mixture  so  often  leads  to  neglect.  I  intend 
keeping  it  constantly  on  hand,  and  seldom  go  to  my  farm  but  I  find  occasion  to  use  it,  to  save 
crops  from  insect  ravages.” 


Killed  the  Pea  Louse. 

Hon.  Edward  Burnett,  Agricultural  Engineer  and  Expert,  New  York,  writes  :  “I  used 
your  Insect  Emulsion  on  the  pea  vines  at  C.  H.  Mackay’s,  Roslyn,  L.I.,  N.Y.,  and  the  results 
were  more  than  satisfactory.  I  have  also  advised  several  friends  to  write  you  in  regard  to  their 
troubles  with  insects.” 


From  an  Eminent  Entomologist. 

Prof.  G.  H.  Perkins,  Entomologist  University  of  Vermont  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station,  Burlington,  Vt.,  writes:  “I  tried  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion,  prepared  by  the  Bowker 
Chemical  Company,  this  year,  and  am  very  much  pleased  with  the  results.  It  is  excellent  and 
most  convenient  to  use.” 

From  a  Successful  Grower  of  Rare  Flowers 
and  Fruits. 

Mr.  Kenneth  Finlayson,  of  Brookline,  Mass.,  writes  :  “I  have  used  Bowker’s  Insect 
Emulsion  prepared  by  the  Bowker  Chemical  Company,  on  apple  trees,  for  the  black  fly,  with 
good  results.  I  have  not  the  slightest  doubt  but  that  it  is  an  excellent  wash  for  orchard  trees 
of  all  kinds  in  early  spring,  at  which  time  it  can  be  applied  considerably  stronger  than  I  have 
used  jt.” 


25 


Valuable  on  Roses 


Mr.  E.  B.  Roberts,  Dorchester,  Mass.,  says:  “I  used  your  Insect  Emulsion  on  my 
rose  bushes,  to  destroy  the  green  fly,  with  the  best  of  success.  In  two  applications  the  lice 
entirely  disappeared,  and  there  was  no  injury  to  the  bushes.” 

Mr.  Thomas  K.  Henderson,  Huntingdon  County,  Pa.,  says:  “I  used  your  Insect 
Emulsion  on  cabbage,  to  destroy  the  worms,  and  it  did  the  work  all  right.” 


Remedy  for  Scale  Insects. 

Mr.  Edward  M.  Eames,  Middlesex  County,  Mass.,  writes  :  “The  Insect  Emulsion  you 
furnished  me  for  use  on  the  Kilmarnock  willow,  badly  infested  with  the  oyster-shell  louse,  was 
very  effective.  It  stopped  the  work  of  the  insects  at  once,  and  we  shall  be  able  to  save  the 
tree  to  which  it  was  applied.” 

The  Hon.  B.  P.  Ware,  Essex  County,  Mass.,  writes:  “  My  rose  bushes  were  badly 
infested  with  the  aphis,  or  green  fly.  I  used  your  Insect  Emulsion,  and  found  it  easy  to  apply 
and  effective  in  results,  without  injury  to  the  foliage.  ” 


Killed  Hen  Lice. 

Mr.  Albert  Russell,  Schoharie  County,  N.Y.,  writes:  “  Last  year  I  could  not  lay  my 
hands  on  anything  around  my  poultry  house  without  getting  them  covered  with  hen  lice.  I 
sprayed  the  house  once  thoroughly  with  your  Insect  Emulsion,  and  there  have  been  no  lice 
there  since.” 


Too  much  for  Elm-leaf  Beetle. 

Mr.  James  A.  Morse,  Tree  Warden,  Foxboro,  Mass.,  says:  “  I  used  your  Insect  Emul¬ 
sion  in  destroying  elm-leaf  beetle  larvae  and  pupae  around  the  base  of  the  infested  trees.  It  killed 
every  one  it  came  in  contact  with.” 


Satisfactory,  Convenient. 

Mr.  N.  B.  Eames,  Middlesex  County,  Mass.,  writes:  “The  past  season  I  have  used 
Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion  to  destroy  plant  lice  on  plum  trees  and  currant  bushes.  In  each  case 
it  has  given  satisfactory  results,  destroying  the  insects  in  a  short  time.  It  mixes  easily  with 
water,  and  comes  in  a  very  convenient  form  for  use.” 


From  a  Well-Known  Concern. 

Messrs.  H.  T.  Harmon  &  Co.,  seedsmen  and  dealers  in  agricultural  implements,  Port¬ 
land,  Me.,  write :  — 

“We  have  used  considerable  of  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion  for  spraying  peas  which  had 
been  attacked  by  the  pea  louse,  and  have  to  report  that  it  kills  every  louse  it  touches  5  and, 
when  applied  early  as  it  should  be,  it  gives  good  results.” 

Prof.  George  T.  Powell,  Director  School  of  Agriculture  and  Horticulture,  Briarcliff 
Manor,  N.Y.,  writes:  “The  Insect  Emulsion  we  found  very  effective,  especially  on  the  rose 
aphis.” 


Easy  to  Apply. 

A  well-known  farmer  of  Grafton  County,  N.H.,  Mr.  Oscar  Staples,  writes:  “  Your 
Insect  Emulsion  will  do  all  for  which  it  is  recommended.  It  is  easy  to  apply  and  effective.” 

26 


EFFECTIVE-  REMEDIES 


BOWKER’S  A.  C.  C.  MIXTURE.  This  is  an  ammoniacal  solution  of 

For  blights  and  mildews.  copper  carbonate,  and  is  used  to 

check  the  growth  of  fungous  dis¬ 
eases  on  fruit  or  vegetables  soon  to  be  marketed,  and  which,  therefore,  cannot  be  sprayed  with 
an  adhesive  remedy  like  Pyrox  or  Bodo  Mixture.  The  A.  C.  C.  Mixture  is  especially  valua¬ 
ble  for  preventing  rusts  and  blights  on  carnations,  hollyhocks,  and  other  ornamental  plants.  It 

is  ready  for  use  when  diluted  at  the  rate  of  one  pint  to  twenty  gallons  of  water,  and  is  applied  as 

a  spray.  Full  directions  with  each  package. 

1  quart,  $0.50  In  kegs  and  barrels 

2  “  1. 00  At  $2.00  per  gallon 


BOWKER’S  CARBOLIZED  WASH.  The  fruit-bearing  capacity  of 
For  Borers.  many  orchards  is  greatly  im¬ 

paired  by  damage  resulting 

from  various  kinds  of  borers.  These  insects,  having  once  entered  the  bark,  cannot  be  de¬ 
stroyed  by  poison.  The  female  insects,  however,  may  be  effectively  prevented  from  depositing 
their  eggs  by  coating  the  trunks  and  larger  branches  with  Bowker’s  Carbolized  Wash. 

Dilute  this  insecticide  at  the  rate  of  one  gallon  to  eight  of  water,  and  apply  with  a  good 
whitewash  or  scrubbing  brush.  Full  directions  with  each  package. 

1  gallon  can,  $1.00  5  gallon  keg,  $3.75 

2  “  “  1.7.5 


BOWKER’S  FORMALIN.  Since  the  potato  scab  is  now  known  to  be  a 

For  Potato  Scab.  fungous  growth,  it  is  important  that  seed  po¬ 

tatoes  should  be  freed  from  the  disease  when 
planted.  To  prevent  scab,  soak  all  seed  potatoes  in  a  solution  of  one-half  pint  Bowker’s  For¬ 
malin  in  fifteen  gallons  of  water  for  one  hour,  then  dry,  cut,  and  plant.  Complete  directions 
with  each  package. 

CAUTION. —  Formalin  is  easily  adulterated  by  the  addition  of  water,  and  much  of  this 
diluted  article  is  offered  in  the  market.  Bowker’s  Formalin  is  guaranteed  to  be  pure  and  of 
full  strength. 

%  pint  can,  $0.50  1  quart  can,  $1.50 

1  “  “  1. 00 


FORMALIN  PREVENTS  POTATO  SCAB. 

Mr.  John  E.  Ellis,  Gilead,  Conn.,  writes:  “I  used  your  Formalin  for  potato  scab,  both  in 
1900  and  1901,  and  as  a  result  have  had  smooth  potatoes  each  year.” 

Mr.  W.  G.  Farnsworth,  Lucas  County,  Ohio,  says:  “My  experience  with  your  Formalin 
was  entirely  satisfactory.” 

Mr.  B.  C.  Knight,  Middlesex  County,  Mass.,  writes  :  “  I  used  your  Formalin  on  my  seed  po¬ 
tatoes  with  very  satisfactory  results.  My  potato  crop  this  year  has  been  the  best  I  ever  raised.” 


BOWKER’S  CYANIDE  OF  POTASH.  We  offer  a  98  per  cent. 

For  Fumigation.  pure  cyanide  of  potash 

for  use  in  fumigating 

nursery  stock,  houses,  grain  warehouses,  etc.  We  will  be  glad  to  advise  our  customers  free  of 
charge  concerning  the  details  of  such  operations. 

1  pound  package,  $0.50 

5  “  “  2.25  10  pound  package,  $4.00 

Mr.  J.  M.  Belden,  New  Britain,  Conn.,  says  :  “  I  had  splendid  success  in  fumigating  my  grain 
warehouse  with  your  cyanide  of  potash.  Since  applying  the  treatment  as  you  directed,  I  have  had 
no  further  trouble  from  grain  insects.” 


27 


Pears  Unsprayed.  Pears  Sprayed  with  Bowker’s  44  Pyrox. 

Note  the  attack  of  the  rust  or  scab.  Sound,  smooth,  and  fair. 


ARSENATE  OF  LEAD  Some  park  superintendents  and  large  orchardists 
INGREDIENTS.  prefer  to  make  their  own  arsenate  of  lead  as 

needed  for  use.  Upon  request  we  are  prepared 
to  submit  quotations  on  the  required  ingredients.  We  carry  on  hand  a  complete  stock  of  ace¬ 
tate  of  lead,  high-grade  nitrate  of  lead,  and  arsenate  of  soda.  Our  arsenate  of  soda  is  of  about 
ninety-six  per  cent,  purity,  free  from  chlorine,  and  cannot  be  duplicated  in  the  American  mar 
ket.  We  will  be  glad  to  advise  customers  concerning  the  necessary  amounts  of  the  respective 
ingredients. 

Mr.  W.  C.  Smead,  Genesee  County,  N.Y.,  says:  “I  found  your  arsenate  of  lead  superior  to 
anything  I  have  ever  used,  because  it  assimilates  so  well  with  water.  It  is  effective  in  results,  and  ad¬ 
heres  so  well  to  the  foliage  that‘1  found  traces  of  it  this  fall,  when  picking  the  fruit.” 


Writing  of  the  grape-root  worm  in  Bulletin  184  of  the  Cornell  University  Experiment  Station, 
Prof.  M.  V.  Slingerland  says :  — 

“  As  the  beetles  feed  openly  upon  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaves,  one  can  easily  feed  them  poi¬ 
son  with  a  spray  pump.  ...  In  1896  Mr.  Webster  *  reported  that  ‘  the  beetles  do  not  yield  at  all  readily 
to  poisons.’  In  1900  he  reports  that  ‘at  present  there  are  some  grounds  for  hoping  that  arsenate  of 
lead  (Bowker’s  Disparene)  may  prove  effective  in  killing  off  the  beetles  before  they  have  ovipos¬ 
ited.’  .  .  .  The  arsenate  of  lead,  although  more  expensive,  is  to  be  recommended  in  preference  to 
other  poison,  as  it  will  stick  on  the  foliage  much  longer,  and  there  is  not  the  danger  of  burning  the 
leaves  with  a  strong  mixture  that  there  would  be  from  using  Paris  green  and  similar  poisons.” 


*  Prof.  F.  M.  Webster,  Entomologist  Ohio  Experiment  Station. 


Miscellaneous  Chemicals  always  in 

StocK. 

ASK  FOR  QUOTATIONS. 


Acetate  of  Lead. 

Hellebore. 

Arsenate  of  Soda. 

Kainit. 

Arsenic. 

Nitrate  of  Lead. 

Blue  Vitriol. 

Potassium  Sulphide. 

Carbon  Bisulphide. 

Raupenleim. 

Copper  Sulphate. 

Sulphur. 

Corrosive  Sublimate. 

Sulphuric  Acid. 

Creosote  Oil. 

Tobacco  Powder. 

29 


New  Goods - - 

ON  THIS  AND  THE  FOLLOWING  PAGE 

we  offer  a  few  new  specialties  that  will  be  found  of  great 
value  to  farmers,  fruit  growers,  gardeners,  and  others. 
These  goods  have  been  thoroughly  tested  in  our  experi¬ 
mental  laboratories  and  fields,  as  well  as  by  farmers  of 
large  practical  experience. 

BOWKER’S  "BOSTON  WHITE." 

A  powerful  insecticide,  designed  to  take  the  place  of  Paris  green 
in  the  treatment  of  leaf  or  fruit  eating  insects.  It  may  be  used  singly 
or  combined  with  fungicides.  It,  is  prompt  in  its  effects  on  insects, 
and  if  applied  as  directed  will  not  injure  the  foliage.  It  is  white  in 
color,  and  shows  plainly  wherever  applied.  Being  in  the  form  of  a 
fine  white  powder,  it  may  be  used  dry  with  a  duster  or  wet  with  a 
sprayer  or  sprinkling  apparatus.  Applied  to  potatoes  dry  at  the  rate 
of  two  pounds  to  the  acre,  it  will  clear  the  vines  of  both  slugs  and 
beetles  in  twenty-four  hours.  Its  effects  are  equally  prompt  on  fruit 
or  shade  trees,  where  it  should  be  used  at  the  rate  of  one  pound  to 
seventy-five  gallons  of  water. 

\  pound,  $0.25.  6  pounds,  $1.25* 

BOWKER’S  “COPPERAL.” 

A  Dry  Bordeaux  Mixture. 

Many  experiments  have  been  made  to  produce  a  dry  Bordeaux 
Mixture  that  would  possess  all  the  qualities  of  the  freshly  made 
article  and  keep  without  deterioration.  Up  to  this  time  nothing  has 
been  produced  which  fills  the  bill  completely.  **  Copperal  ”  answers 
every  requirement.  It  is  scientifically  compounded,  and  put  up  in 
handy  form  for  use.  When  needed,  all  that  is  required  is  to  add 
1  water  and  spray. 

**  Copperal  **  possesses  all  the  properties  of  wet  Bordeaux  Mixture, 
can  be  prepared  in  large  or  small  quantities,  is  always  ready  for  use, 
and  will  keep  indefinitely  in  any  climate.  It  is  a  valuable  remedy 
for  nearly  all  fungous  diseases  of  fruits  or  vegetables,  and  can  be 
safely  and  effectively  used  wherever  a  fungicide  is  needed,  to  prevent 
blight,  scab,  mildew,  or  rust  on  fruit  or  vegetables.  It  also  contains 
some  fertilizing  qualities,  promoting  the  growth  of  the  plants  and 
trees  to  which  it  is  applied. 

One  pound  makes  six  gallons  of  full  strength  or  twelve  gallons 
dilute  fungicide. 

1  pound,  $0.25.  6  pounds,  $1.25. 


30 


1 

BOWKER’S  “  ANTISEPTIC 
AND  DISINFECTANT.” 

A  most  powerful  antiseptic,  disinfectant,  and  germicide.  It  kills 
germs,  microbes,  and  insects,  deodorizes,  disinfects,  and  prevents 
decomposition  and  disease.  It  is  a  powerful  cleansing  and  purifying 
agent.  Invaluable  in  the  household,  in  the  stable,  and  on  the  farm. 
It  is  useful  in  cleansing  woodwork,  floors,  sinks,  cellars,  water- 
closets,  etc.  Highly  useful  for  disinfecting  poultry  houses,  sheds,  etc. 

It  has  few  equals  in  treating  cuts,  burns,  bruises,  or  sores  on  man 
or  animal. 

As  an  insecticide  it  is  effective  in  destroying  fleas  or  lice  on  dogs, 
cats,  sheep,  etc. 

Bowker's  Antiseptic  is  a  dark,  thick  liquid,  which  is  diluted  at 
the  rate  of  one  part  to  fifty  or  one  hundred  parts  of  water,  accord¬ 
ing  to  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  used.  One  gallon  is  sufficient  for 
a  year's  supply  for  the  average  family,  and  no  family  should  be 
without  it. 

One  pint,  $0.50  One  gallon,  $2.00 

One  quart,  1,00  Five  gallons,  8.00 


BOWKER’S  “  WEEDICIDE.” 

Bowker's  **  Weedicide  ”  kills  weeds,  grass,  poison  ivy,  poison 
sumac,  and  all  kinds  of  undesirable  vegetation.  It  keeps  walks, 
drives,  and  tennis  courts  absolutely  free  from  vegetable  growth  of 
any  kind,  thus  doing  away  with  the  labor  and  expense  of  repeated 
hoeing  and  rolling. 

Bowker's  “  Weedicide  ”  is  a  fine,  granular  material,  which,  for 
use,  is  dissolved  in  water  at  the  rate  of  one  pound  to  ten  gallons, 
and  applied  with  a  sprinkler  or  watering-pot.  The  effects  of  the 
“Weedicide”  are  apparent  within  forty-eight  hours  of  the  applica¬ 
tion,  and  two  treatments  are  all  that  are  necessary  for  an  entire 
summer.  It  does  not  injure  stone  or  metal  work  of  any  kind.  The 
largest  poison  ivy  vines  or  sumac  bushes  are  easily  killed  by  apply¬ 
ing  a  small  amount  of  Bowker's  “Weedicide.”  Full  directions 
with  each  package. 

1  pound,  $0.40  5  pounds,  $1.50 

3  “  1.00  10  “  2.75 


31 


IMPORTANT  INFORMATION 


How  to  Spray. 

First.  Spraying  mixtures  should  always  be  applied  as  a  fine 
mist  and  never  in  a  stream.  The  spray  should  fall  like  dew  on  the 
foliage.  You  cannot  get  good  results  from  spraying,  even  with  the 
best  insecticides,  if  you  do  not  apply  them  in  the  right  manner. 

Second.  Use  a  fine  nozzle,  and  hold  it  far  enough  from  the 
leaves  to  allow  the  mist  to  diffuse  in  the  air.  Spraying  should 
always  cease  as  soon  as  the  foliage  begins  to  drip. 

Quantities  Required. 

For  Potatoes.  Where  a  knapsack  or  spray  pump  of  ordinary 
pattern  is  used,  fifty  gallons  of  solution  will  be  required  for  one 
spraying  per  acre.  With  horse  power  sprayers,  twenty-five  gallons 
will  be  sufficient  per  acre,  but  with  these  machines  the  charge  of 
insecticide  or  fungicide  should  be  doubled. 

For  Apple  Trees.  Trees  five  years  old,  in  foliage,  will 
require  one  gallon  per  tree  per  spraying;  trees  ten  to  fifteen 
years  old,  allow  from  one  to  two  gallons  each  ;  old,  full-grown  trees, 
five  to  ten  gallons  each. 

For  Shade  Trees.  The  amount  of  spraying  solution  re¬ 
quired  for  shade  trees  varies  with  their  size.  Elms  forty  feet  high 
will  require  ten  gallons  each,  while  those  sixty  feet  high  will  require 
thirty  or  more  gallons  each. 

Packages.  The  five,  ten,  and  twenty-five  pound  sizes  of 
Bowker’s  Germo-insecticides  are  packed  in  chemically  treated  tin 
cans.  The  fifty  and  one  hundred  pound  sizes  are  packed  in  treated 
wooden  kegs. 

While  these  goods  will  keep  in  all  climates,  they  should  not 
be  allowed  to  freeze  or  be  exposed  to  a  temperature  above  ioo°  F. 

When  a  package  is  opened  and  a  part  of  its  contents  used, 
the  remainder  should  be  slightly  covered  with  water  to  prevent  evap¬ 
oration  and  caking,  and  the  cover  replaced. 

The  “Off  Year.**  Many  farmers  do  not  spray  their  trees 
in  the  off  year.  This  is  a  grave  mistake.  It  is  just  as  important 
to  keep  the  tree  healthy  at  this  time  as  when  loaded  with  fruit. 
Trees  well  sprayed  in  the  off  year  will  come  to  the  bearing  year  in  a 
high  state  of  health,  reasonably  free  from  scab,  rot,  and  insect  pests. 

Questions  Answered.  We  have  in  our  employ  a  trained 
entomologist  and  botanist,  who  will  be  glad  to  advise,  free  of  charge, 
concerning  the  treatment  of  insect  pests  or  fungous  diseases.  All 
inquiries  should  be  accompanied  by  suitable  specimens,  with  a  full 
statement  of  the  nature  of  the  trouble. 


32 


SPRAYING  OUTFITS. 

A  spraying  outfit  suited  to  the  work  in  hand  is  almost 
as  much  of  a  necessity  as  reliable  insecticides  or  fungicides. 

Our  experts  have  had  many  years  of  experience  in  actual 
spraying  operations,  and  are  thoroughly  familiar  with  the 
requirements  of  this  work.  In  past  years  many  of  our 
customers  have  asked  us  to  select  spraying  apparatus  for 
them,  in  order  that  they  may  be  sure  of  getting  outfits 
adapted  to  their  needs.  To  accommodate  this  branch  of 
oar  trade,  we  have  decided  to  list  a  few  complete  outfits 
which  we  have  tested  personally  and  found  satisfactory. 

These  outfits  are  fully  guaranteed,  and  will  be  sold  for  net 
cash  only. 

BRASS  SYRINGES. 

These  syringes  are  well  suited  for  the  spraying  oper¬ 
ations  necessary  in  a  kitchen  garden,  florist’s  establishment, 
or  greenhouse.  By  their  use  fruit  trees  up  to  twenty- 
five  feet  in  height  can  be  thoroughly  sprayed. 

No.  i.  Brass  Syringe.  Length, 

14  inches;  diameter,  1  inch; 

2  spray  roses  and  jet.  Price, 
complete  ....  $4.00 

No.  2.  Brass  Syringe.  Larger  and 
more  powerful  than  No.  1 ; 
length,  1 6  inches  ;  diameter, 

1  7-16  inches;  open  rose 

spray,  side  spray,  and  cap. 

Price,  complete  .  .  .4.50 

Shipped  from  Boston. 

KNAPSACK 
SPRAYERS. 

This  sprayer  is  composed  of  a  five- 
gallon  Deming  copper  knapsack  with 
substantial  brass  pump,  agitator,  hose, 
short  spray  pole,  and  nozzle.  Suited  for  use  in  truck  gardens,  orchards,  or  on 
field  crops  in  general.  By  using  an  eight-foot  pole  extension,  full-grown 
apple  trees  can  be  sprayed.  Properly  cared  for,  this  outfit  will  last  fifteen 
years. 

Price,  complete,  $15.00.  Shipped  from  Boston. 

33 


BARREL  PUMP. 

This  is  the  well-known  Empire  King  pump,  mounted  in  a  sound,  tight, 
second-hand  oil  barrel.  The  pump  has  brass  working  parts,  large  air  cham¬ 
ber,  and  a  powerful  agitator.  The  complete  outfit  includes  pump,  barrel, 
fifty  feet  white  cotton  hose,  one  spray  pole,  and  one  Vermorel  nozzle.  This 
outfit  has  few  equals  for  orchard  work. 

Price,  complete,  $23.00.  Pump  only,  no  attachments,  $13.00. 

Shipped  from  Lockport,  N.Y. 


BowKer 
Insecticide  Co., 
43  Chatham  St., 
Boston. 


PARK  OUTFIT  No.  1. 

This  outfit  is  suitable  for  the  largest 
spraying  operations.  It  has  been  used  suc¬ 
cessfully  on  the  tallest  elms  as  well  as  on 
large  orchards.  The  pump  and  air  chamber 
are  extra  powerful,  and  the  whole  is  substan¬ 
tially  made,  and  easily  operated.  Our  com¬ 
plete  outfit  includes  Friend  pump,  suction  hose, 
strainer,  one  hundred  feet  one-half  inch  cot¬ 
ton  hose,  one  spray  pole,  and  one  Vermorel 
nozzle.  Hogshead  or  barrel  must  be  supplied 
by  purchaser.  Price,  complete,  $50.00. 
Shipped  from  Gasport,  N.Y. 

PARK 
OUTFIT 
No.  2. 


The  same  as  No.  1,  but  includes  two  hundred  feet 
of  hose,  two  spray  poles,  two  Vermorel  nozzles,  and 
Y  hose  connection.  The  pump  will  operate  from  one 
to  four  lines  of  hose.  Price,  complete,  $65.00. 
Shipped  from  Gasport,  N.Y. 

PROMPT 
DELIVERIES. 

By  our  extensive  business  connections 
we  are  able  to  obtain  prompt  shipments  of 
outfits  of  all  kinds.  Whenever  we  have  out¬ 
fits  or  accessories  in  stock  at  Boston,  ship¬ 
ment  will  be  made  from 
that  point.  In  all  cases 
transportation  charges 
must  be  borne  by  pur¬ 
chasers. 


34 


HANDBOOK  OF 


Insects  and  Diseases  Affecting' 
Fruits,  Garden  Crops  and 
Shade  Trees. 


THE  APPLE. 

Codling  Moth:  Apple  Worm  (Carpocapsa  pomonella). 

No  doubt  the  codling  moth  is  much  more  destructive  to  the  apple  than 
any  other  single  species  of  insect.  It  is  now  widely  distributed,  and  has  become 
abundant  wherever  apples  are  grown.  The  moth  is  small,  grayish,  with  brown 
markings  on  its  wings.  The  eggs  are  deposited  singly  anywhere  on  the  newly 
formed  fruit,  and  are  often  found  on  the  foliage.  The  newly  hatched  larvae 
usually  enter  the  calyx  cup  while  the  fruit  is  still  upright.  They  soon  eat  their 
way  to  the  core,  and  the  pinkish-colored  worm  causes  a  premature  dropping  of 
the  fruit.  The  pear  crop  is  also  injured  by  the  codling  moth. 

REMEDY. —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  as  soon  as  the  blossoms  have 
fallen. 

Bud  Moth  (Tmetocera  ocellana). 

The  small  caterpillars  of  this  moth  feed  upon  the  buds  of  the  apple  early 
in  the  spring.  They  destroy  both  fruit  and  leaf  buds,  and  cause  the  trees  to 
make  a  dense,  scraggy  growth. 

REMEDY.  —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  when  the  buds  commence  to  swell. 

Canker  Worms  (Paleacrita  vernata :  Anisopteryx  pometaria). 

These  are  the  “  inch  worms  ”  often  so  injuri 
ous  in  May  and  June  to  apple  and  other  trees. 
When  abundant,  the  insects  riddle  the  foliage, 
leaving  the  trees  as  brown  as  if  scorched  by  fire, 
the  young  fruit  falls  and  the  growth  of  the  tree  is 
checked.  The  full-grown  insects  enter  the  ground 
and  transform  to  pupae,  from  which  the  moths 
emerge  in  the  fall  or  spring,  according  to  the 
species.  In  this  region  the  fall  canker  worm  is 
more  abundant  than  the  spring  species.  The 
female  moths  are  wingless  and  climb  up  the  tree 
trunks  in  search  of  suitable  places  in  which  to 
lay  their  eggs. 

PREVENTIVE.  —  Band  the  trees  with 
Bowker’s  Bodlime  in  October  or  November.  Freshen  the  bands  in  March.  This 
will  prevent  the  ascent  of  the  females  of  both  species. 

REMEDY.' —  Where  banding  has  been  neglected  and  the  insects  appear  in 
injurious  numbers,  spray  thoroughly  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox.  This  gives  prompt 
results. 


35 


The  Tent  Caterpillar  (Clisiocampa  americana). 

A  very  common  insect  infesting  apple  and  wild  cherry  trees,  often  com¬ 
pletely  stripping  the  foliage  from  a  part  or  the  whole  of  a  tree.  The  larvae, 
hatching  from  the  over-wintered  eggs  in  early  spring,  soon  make  an  unsightly 
nest,  which  they  enlarge  as  they  grow.  When  the  hairy  caterpillars  mature,  they 
seek  a  sheltered  locality  to  spin  their  cocoons  and  pupate.  From  fourteen  to 
twenty-one  days  later  the  insects  emerge  as  reddish-brown  or  fox-colored  moths, 
and  the  females  lay  their  cylindrical  cluster  of  eggs  on  the  smaller  twigs. 

REMEDY.  —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  as  soon  as  the  webs  are  dis¬ 
covered. 

Apple  Scab  (Fusicladium  dendriticum). 

This  is  the  most  common  disease  affect¬ 
ing  the  apple,  and  may  be  detected  frequently 
in  the  spring  by  the  smoky,  greenish  and 
circular  spots  upon  the  leaves.  As  they  grow 
older  the  spots  become  almost  black.  The 
reproducing  bodies  of  the  fungus  occur  in  im¬ 
mense  numbers  upon  leaves  and  fruit,  especially 
in  cold,  wet  weather,  causing  much  damage. 
The  fungus  passes  the  winter  on  the  bark,  on 
fallen  leaves  and  on  stored  fruit.  The  disease 
starts  again  as  soon  as  warm  weather  returns. 

REMEDY.  —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  before  the  leaves  start,  and  repeat 
at  intervals  of  two  or  three  weeks  until  the  fruit  is  half  grown. 

Bark  Lice  ( Mytilaspis  pomorum  :  Chionaspis  furfurus). 

These  two  species  are  the  ones  most  commonly  found  on  apple,  pear  and 
other  fruit  trees.  In  winter  the  scales  cover  large  numbers  of  tiny  eggs,  from 
which  young  lice  develop  in  the  spring.  These  lice  are  active  for  a  few  days, 
then  fix  themselves  on  the  bark  and  secrete  scales.  These  insects  feed  on  the 
sap  by  means  of  slender  beaks,  and  when  abundant,  check  the  growth  of  the  tree. 

REMEDIES.  —  Wash  the  infested  trees  in  the  winter  with  Bowker’s  Tree 
Soap,  using  one  pound  to  one  gallon  of  water. 

Spray  with  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion  late  in  May  or  whenever  the  eggs 
are  found  to  be  hatching.  Repeat  this  spraying  at  the  end  of  one  week. 


San  Jose  Scale. 

REMEDIES.  —  Same  as  for  stone  fruits. 

Apple  Tree  Borers  (Saperda  Candida:  Chrysobothris  femorata). 

Two  species  of  borers  frequently  infest  apple  trees.  The  round-headed 
borer  usually  attacks  the  tree  near  the  ground,  and  is  the  more  injurious  species. 
The  flat-headed  borer  works  in  the  trunk  and  lower  branches  and  sometimes 
causes  considerable  damage. 

PREVENTIVE. —  Wash  the  tree  trunks  with  Bowker’s  Carbolized  Wash 
at  intervals  of  two  or  three  weeks  in  June,  July  and  August.  Dilute  the  wash  as 
directed  and  apply  thoroughly  to  the  trunk  and  lower  branches. 

REMEDY.  —  Dig  out  borers  already  in  the  tree,  or  crush  them  in  their 
burrows  by  using  flexible  steel  wires. 

General  Treatment  for  the  Apple. 

Keep  the  trees  in  thrifty  condition  by  cultivation,  pruning  and  the  use  of 
the  Stockbridg^  Tree  Manure.  Then  spray  thoroughly  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  as 
follows  : 

First  Spraying.  During  the  first  warm  days  of  spring,  before  the  buds 
start,  use  Bowker’s  Pyrox,  ten  pounds  to  sixty  gallons  of  water. 


36 


Second  Spraying.  Just  before  the  blossoms  open,  apply  Bowker’s  Pyrox, 
same  as  first  spraying. 

Third  Spraying.  Just  after  blossoms  fall,  apply  Bowker’s  Pyrox,  same  as 
first  spraying. 

Fourth  Spraying.  Just  before  apples  turn  down,  apply  Bowker’s  Pyrox, 
same  as  first  spraying. 

Fifth  and  Sixth  Treatments  with  Pyrox  at  intervals  of  about  two  weeks 
sometimes  may  be  necessary  if  wet  weather  prevails. 

This  treatment  will  control  bud  moth,  scab,  mildew,  canker  worm,  codling 
moth,  tent  caterpillar,  etc. 

For  borers,  wash  the  tree  trunks  with  Bowker’s  Carbolized  Wash,  one  gal¬ 
lon  to  eight  gallons  of  water.  Apply  at  intervals  of  two  weeks  in  June,  July  and 
August. 


THE  PEAR. 

The  Pear  Leaf  Blight  (Entomosporium  maculatum). 

This  disease  is  probably  the  most  destructive  of  any  attacking  the  pear. 
It  first  manifests  its  presence  in  the  spring  by  causing  small  reddish  spots  on  the 
surface  of  the  leaves.  These  spots  enlarge  and  grow  darker  and  soon  include 
the  greater  part  of  the  leaf.  The  fruit  is  next  attacked  and  reddish  elevations 
appear  on  its  surface.  These  spots  run  together,  grow  darker  and  the  fruit  soon 
cracks  open  and  becomes  unsalable. 

REMEDY. —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  as  soon  as  the  leaves  unfold. 
Repeat  this  treatment  at  intervals  of  two  weeks,  until  the  fruit  is  about  one  half 
grown. 

The  Pear  Slug  (Eriocampoides  limacina). 

These  slimy  insects  feed  on  the  foliage  of  the  pear  and  cherry  and  fre¬ 
quently  cause  severe  injury.  The  adult  insect  is  a  small,  shining,  black,  four¬ 
winged  fly  which  lays  eggs  in  the  leaves  in  the  spring.  From  these  eggs  the 
slimy  slugs  soon  develop,  and  feed  on  the  surface  of  the  leaves.  These  insects, 
when  full  grown,  descend  to  the  ground,  transform  and  emerge  in  season  to  lay 
eggs  for  a  second  brood  which  feeds  during  August. 

REMEDY.  —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  as  soon  as  the  first  brood  of  the 
slugs  appears. 

For  the  second  brood  use  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion  as  directed. 

Brown-tail  Moth  (Euproctis  chrysorrhcea). 

This  insect  was  probably  imported  into  Massachusetts  on  some  nursery 
stock  from  Europe  about  1890,  and  is  now  generally  distributed  throughout  east¬ 
ern  New  England.  Pear  trees  suffer  most  from  the  caterpillars  of  this  moth  and 
are  often  entirely  defoliated.  The  caterpillars  mature  about  June  1,  and 
pupate  singly  or  in  clusters  in  loose  cocoons  on  fences,  house  walls,  etc.  The 
white-winged  moths  emerge  about  July  10,  and  the  females  lay  their  eggs  in 
clusters  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves.  The  eggs  hatch  about  August  l,and  the 
young  larvae  feed  at  the  tips  of  the  twigs,  drawing  the  leaves  together  to  form  a 
tight  “winter  web.”  They  emerge  from  the  webs  in  the  spring  and  attack  the 
foliage. 

PREVENTIVE.  —  Cut  off  and  burn  the  webs  in  winter. 

REMEDY. —  If  the  regular  spraying  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  has  been 
omitted,  spray  with  Bowker’s  Disparene  as  soon  as  the  caterpillars  appear. 

Codling  Moth. 

REMEDY.  —  Same  as  for  the  apple. 

Scurfy  Bark  Louse. 

REMEDY.  —  Same  as  for  the  apple. 

37 


San  Jose  Scale. 

REMEDY. —  Same  as  for  stone  fruits. 

Pear  Tree  Psylla  (Psylla  pyricola). 

A  minute  species  of  true  bug  supposed  to  have  been  imported  into  Con¬ 
necticut  about  1832.  It  has  now  become  a  well-known  enemy  to  pear  trees 
within  the  Northern  States.  The  little  clear-winged  adult  insect  hibernates  in  the 
crevices  of  the  bark,  and  appears  on  the  first  warm  days  of  spring.  The  female 
at  first  lays  her  eggs  on  the  buds,  later  on  the  leaves.  The  young  larvae  attach 
themselves  to  all  parts  of  the  leaves,  feeding  on  the  sap.  During  the  larval  and 
active  nymph  stages  large  amounts  of  honey  dew  are  secreted  by  the  insects, 
which  deplete  the  trees  by  the  vast  consumption  of  sap. 

REMEDY. —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Tree  Soap,  one  pound  to  two  gallons 
of  water  in  the  winter. 

Spray  with  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion  as  directed,  as  soon  as  the  leaves 
have  developed. 

The  Fruit  Tree  Bark  Beetle  (Scolytus  rugulosus). 

This  European  insect  has  been  widely  distributed  throughout  the  United 
States  by  traffic  in  nursery  stock.  It  attacks  pear,  cherry,  peach,  apple,  etc.  In 
early  spring,  from  March  to  May,  according  to  locality,  the  first  small  black 
bettles  may  be  seen  boring  their  way  through  the  outer  bark  on  all  parts  of  the 
tree,  penetrating  to  the  sapwood,  where  the  female  constructs  her  brood  chamber 
in  which  to  lay  her  eggs.  Often  the  holes  are  so  numerous  on  the  outer  bark 
that  the  tree  looks  as  if  it  had  been  peppered  with  fine  bird  shot. 

REMEDY.' —  Destroy  all  trees  that  show  signs  of  dying.  Protect  trunks 
and  larger  branches  of  the  thrifty  trees  with  Bowker’s  Carbolized  Wash,  applied 
with  a  brush  as  directed,  the  same  as  for  other  borers.  Keep  the  trees  growing 
with  a  liberal  application  of  mineral  fertilizer. 

Spraying  the  twigs  and  smaller  branches  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  is  also 
recommended  at  time  of  spraying  for  the  scab. 


General  Treatment  for  the  Pear. 

Winter  Treatment.  Wash  trees  with  Bowker’s  Tree  Soap,  one  pound  to 
two  gallons  of  water. 

First  Spraying.  Apply  Bowker’s  Pyrox  at  the  rate  of  ten  pounds  to  sixty 
gallons  of  water  before  the  buds  swell. 

Second  Spraying.  Same  as  first  spraying,  just  before  the  blossoms  open. 

Third  Spraying.  Same  as  first  spraying,  just  after  blossoms  fall.  Add 
one  gallon  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion  to  each  twenty  gallons  of  spraying  mixture 
well  stirred  in. 

Fourth  Spraying.  Same  as  first  spraying,  when  pears  are  one  third  grown. 

This  treatment  will  control  bud  moth,  brown-tail  moth,  pear  psylla,  pear 
slug,  pear  blight  and  cracking  of  fruit. 


STONE  FRUITS. 

San  Jose  Scale  (Aspidiotus  perniciosus). 

The  most  destructive  fruit  tree  pest  that  has  ever  found  its  way  into 
America.  It  was  first  introduced  into  California,  probably  from  Japan.  It  has 
been  generally  distributed  over  the  country  on  nursery  stock.  The  scale  is  found 
in  great  numbers  infesting  orchard  trees,  covering  the  smaller  branches  and 
twigs,  and  even  extending  to  the  leaves  and  fruit.  These  insects  destroy 
the  trees  by  feeding  on  the  sap.  The  larvae  are  active  for  a  few  hours  only, 
when  they  become  attached  to  the  bark  by  their  mouth  parts.  After  reach¬ 
ing  the  adult  stage  the  minute  males  emerge  with  wings  and  move  about. 


38 


but  the  females  are  wingless  and  always  remain  attached  in  the  same  position. 
There  are  a  number  of  broods  each  year,  and  the  insects  hibernate  in  all  stages. 
During  the  active  larval  stage  they  are  carried  from  tree  to  tree  by  birds  and  by 
ants  and  other  insects. 

REMEDY.  —  Dig  and  completely  destroy  with  fire  all  trees  that  are 
beyond  recovery.  Drench  the  remaining  infested  trees  with  a  solution  of 
Bowker’s  Tree  Soap,  at  the  rate  of  two  pounds  to  one  gallon  of  water.  Treat¬ 
ment  may  be  made  in  autumn  after  the  leaves  have  fallen,  but  it  is  better  to 
delay  the  applications  until  February  or  March.  Two  drenchings  insure  greater 
success.  Trees  in  bearing  should  not  be  treated  until  the  buds  commence  to 
swell.  The  hydrocyanic  gas  treatment  is  valuable  for  nursery  stock  and  under 
some  conditions  for  orchard  trees. 

Send  for  our  free  treatise  on  the  San  Jose  Scale. 

Peach  Tree  Borer  (Sannina  exitiosa). 

This  American  insect  is  found  attacking  peach  trees  wherever  they  are 
grown.  Its  presence  is  easily  discovered  by  the  dark,  gummy  exudations  around 
the  base  of  the  infested  tree.  The  adult  insect  is  a  very  slender,  dark-colored 
moth,  which  emerges  between  May  and  July,  and  sometimes  even  later.  The 
female  deposits  her  eggs  on  the  bark,  near  the  surface  of  the  ground,  at  the  base 
of  the  tree,  rarely  as  high  as  the  larger  branches.  When  the  egg  hatches,  the 
grub  burrows  in  between  the  bark  and  sapwood,  passing  the  winter  in  a  dormant 
state,  but  continues  its  eating  in  the  spring  until  it  is  full  grown.  At  maturity 
the  larva  transforms  to  a  pupa,  and  emerges  shortly  after  as  a  moth. 

REMEDY.  —  Prevent  the  female  moth  from  laying  eggs  on  the  bark  at  the 
base  of  the  tree  by  applying  Bowker’s  Carbolized  Wash  as  directed,  from  below 
the  surface  of  the  soil  to  the  larger  branches. 

With  a  sharp  knife  cut  out  the  borers  already  in  the  tree. 

Peach  Leaf  Curl  (Taphrina  deformans). 

This  disease  of  peach  foliage  makes  its  attack  early  in  the  spring.  The 
leaves  thicken,  become  discolored  and  in  a  short  time  fall  from  the  trees.  The 
trees  are  left  partly  or  wholly  bare  and  the  fruit  soon  falls. 

REMEDY. —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox,  ten  pounds  to  one  hundred  gallons 
water,  just  before  the  flower  buds  open.  Repeat  the  spraying  at  intervals  of  about 
ten  days  until  danger  from  the  curl  is  past.  It  is  well  to  apply  at  the  same  time 
some  highly  nitrogenous  fertilizer,  such  as  Bowker’s  Fertilizer  for  young  trees. 

Plum  Curculio  (Conotrachelus  nenuphar). 

One  of  the  snout  beetles,  a  native  insect,  about  one  fifth  of  an  inch  long, 
grayish  brown  or  black  in  color.  The  adult  beetle  passes  the  winter  under  rub¬ 
bish,  appearing  in  the  spring,  and  attacks  the  crop  of  plums  or  cherries  about 
the  time  that  the  fruit  sets.  The  female  makes  an  incision  in  the  small  green 
plums  when  depositing  her  eggs.  The  larvae,  when  hatched,  eat  their  way  into 
the  fruit,  causing  it  to  drop  about  the  time  they  mature.  Leaving  the  cherry 
or  plum,  they  enter  the  ground  to  pupate,  and  emerge  later  as  mature  beetles. 
The  curculio  is  known  to  attack  other  stone  fruits. 

REMEDY.  —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  about  ten  days  after  the  blossoms 
fall,  or  as  soon  as  the  beetles  are  noticed. 

Jar  the  beetles  from  the  trees  on  to  sheets  by  striking  the  trees  with  a 
cloth-bound  mallet.  The  insects  should  be  collected  and  burned. 

The  Brown  Rot  (Monilia  fructigena). 

This  is  one  of  the  worst  enemies  of  the  plum  and  other  stone  fruits.  Plums 
attacked  by  this  disease  first  turn  brown  in  spots,  then  rot,  and  gradually  shrivel 
up.  These  dried-up  plums  hang  on  the  trees  during  the  winter  and  serve  as 
sources  of  infection  the  following  year. 

PREVENTIVE. —  Pick  off  and  burn  the  dead  plums  during  the  winter. 

REMEDY.  —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  before  buds  open  as  per  directions. 

This  treatment  applies  to  the  Brown  Rot  of  the  peach,  cherry  and  apricot. 


39 


Black  Knot  (Plowrightia  morbosa). 

The  black  knot  is  a  well-known  disease  attacking  the  plum  and  many  vari¬ 
eties  of  the  cherry.  It  cannot  be  mistaken,  as  the  knotty  excrescences  are  readily 
seen  on  the  twigs  and  smaller  branches. 

The  first  appearance  of  the  knot  in  the  spring  causes  a  swelling  of  the  twig 
or  branch.  Soon  the  bark  cracks  longitudinally,  and  the  fungus  appears  as  a 
green  velvety  coating,  which  produces  the  summer  spores.  These  and  winter 
spores,  produced  later,  are  carried  by  the  wind  to  the  twigs  and  branches  of  other 
trees. 

PREVENTIVE.  —  Cut  off  and  burn  all  knots  as  fast  as  they  appear.  Coat 
the  wounds  with  linseed  oil. 

REMEDY.  —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  before  the  buds  start. 

The  Cherry  or  Plum  Leaf  Blight  (Cylindrosporium  padi). 

This  fungus  affects  the  cherry  and  plum.  It  attacks  the  leaves  in  the  late 
spring  or  early  summer  and  causes  them  to  drop.  It  is  first  noticed  as  a  pale 
reddish  spot  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaf.  These  spots  sometimes  cluster 
and  ultimately  form  one  large  spot.  Later  the  spots  turn  brown,  the  leaves  turn 
yellow  and  fall  from  the  tree.  The  immature  fruit-drops  in  the  course  of  a  few 
weeks. 

REMEDY. —  For  curculio  and  leaf  blight  spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox 
directly  after  the  blossoms  fall,  and  again  at  intervals  of  about  ten  days  or  two 
weeks. 

CAUTION. —  Guard  against  spraying  the  plum  or  cherry  too  late  in  the 
season,  thus  avoiding  the  possibility  of  any  mixture  remaining  on  the  ripe  fruit. 
For  late  spraying  use  Bowker’s  A.  C.  C.  mixture. 


Cherry  Aphis,  Peach  Aphis,  etc. 

Cherry  and  peach  trees  are  frequently  infested  by  large  numbers  of  aphids 
or  plant  lice,  which  cluster  under  the  leaves  and  cause  them  to  curl.  The  sticky 
honey  dew  falling  from  these  insects  smears  the  leaves  and  they  soon  become 
dark  and  covered  with  dirt.  Often  the  growth  of  the  tree  is  seriously  checked. 

REMEDY.  —  Wash  the  trees  in  winter  with  Bowker’s  Tree  Soap,  one 
pound  to  one  gallon  of  water. 

As  soon  as  the  leaves  develop  in  the  spring,  spray  with  Bowker’s  Insect 
Emulsion  as  directed. 


General  Treatment  for  Stone  Fruits. 

Stone  fruits  especially  require  thorough  care  and  abundant  food.  Vigor¬ 
ously  growing  trees  are  less  susceptible  to  injury  by  diseases  and  insects  than 
stunted,  poorly  fed  trees.  Liberal  applications  of  Bowker’s  Tree  Manure,  Stock- 
bridge  Brand,  are  therefore  advised,  together  with  thorough  cultivation  and  suit¬ 
able  pruning. 

Winter  Treatment.  Trees  infested  with  San  Jose  Scale  should  be  washed 
with  Bowker’s  Tree  Soap,  two  pounds  to  one  gallon  of  water,  while  the  buds 
are  swelling.  Other  trees  should  be  sprayed  with  the  soap  at  the  rate  of  one 
pound  to  two  gallons  of  water,  to  destroy  eggs  of  aphids. 

First  Spraying.  Apply  Bowker’s  Pyrox,  ten  pounds  to  sixty  gallons  of 
water,  before  the  buds  open. 

Second  Spraying .  Apply  Bowker’s  Pyrox,  ten  pounds  to  one  hundred  gallons 
of  water,  just  after  blossoms  fall. 

Third  Spraying.  Ten  days  after  blossoms  fall,  apply  Bowker’s  Pyrox  as 
in  second  spraying.  (Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion  may  be  added  to  destroy  aphids.) 

Fourth  Spraying.  Same  as  second  spraying,  ten  days  later. 

CAUTION.  —  Do  not  apply  Pyrox  after  the  fruit  is  two  thirds  grown.  If 
blight  or  rot  prevails  at  this  time,  use  Bowker’s  A.  C.  C.  Mixture. 

For  Borers,  use  Bowker’s  Carbolized  Wash,  one  gallon  to  eight  gallons 
of  water,  applied  to  the  trunks  at  intervals  of  two  weeks  in  May,  June  and  July. 

40 


SMALL  FRUITS 


Downy  Mildew  of  Grape  (Pernospora  viticola). 

This  disease  attacks  the  leaves,  young  shoots  and  fruit  of  the  grape.  On 
the  leaves  it  produces  the  well-known  “  downy  ”  growth  characteristic  of  the 
disease.  The  berries  are  next  attacked,  their  growth  is  checked  and  they  soon 
fall  from  the  vines.  The  larger  fruit,  when  affected,  is  discolored  and  turns 
brown.  This  disease  spreads  rapidly  by  means  of  summer  spores. 

REMEDY.  —  Spray  thoroughly  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  as  directed. 

Black  Rot  of  Grape  (Laestadia  bidwellii). 

This  is  the  most  important  disease  of  the  grape.  It  develops  rapidly  in 
damp,  hot  weather.  The  first  indications  of  the  disease  are  the  development  of 
small,  light  brown  spots  on  the  berries.  These  spots  enlarge,  turn  black  and  the 
entire  berry  becomes  rotten.  The  affected  berries  then  shrivel  and  dry  up. 

REMEDY. —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  as  directed. 


Grape  Root  Worm  (Fidia  viticida). 

This  insect  in  its  immature  state  feeds  on  the  roots  of  the  grape  and  causes 
much  damage.  Having  transformed  in  the  ground  into  mature  beetles,  the 
insects  emerge  and  attack  the  foliage,  causing  serious  injury.  In  Ohio  and  New 
York,  it  has  recently  become  a  serious  pest,  but  has  yielded  to  spraying  with 
Bowker’s  Disparene. 

REMEDY.  —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Disparene  as  directed. 


Treatment  for  the  Grape. 

First  Spraying.  Apply  Bowker’s  Pyrox  when  the  buds  begin  to  swell,  using 
ten  pounds  to  sixty  gallons  of  water. 

Second  Spraying.  Same  as  first  spraying,  two  weeks  later. 

Third  Spraying.  Same  as  first  spraying,  one  week  before  the  vines  blossom. 

Fourth  Spraying.  Same  as  first  spraying,  as  soon  as  berries  are  set. 

Fifth  Spraying.  Same  as  first  spraying,  three  weeks  after  preceding 
spraying. 

If  subsequent  sprayings  are  necessary,  use  Bowker’s  A.  C.  C.  Solution. 

For  Grape  Root  Worm,  apply  Bowker’s  Disparene,  five  to  ten  pounds  to 
one  hundred  gallons  of  water,  between  June  15  and  July  15,  when  the  insects  are 
most  numerous. 


Currant  Worms  (Nematus  ribesii). 

These  insects  are  the  young  of  a  four-winged  fly  which  lays  its  eggs  on  the 
underside  of  the  leaves  early  in  the  spring.  The  currant  worms  devour  the 
foliage  greedily,  and  when  full  grown  transform  in  the  ground  and  give  rise  to  a 
second  brood,  which  attacks  the  foliage  later  in  the  season. 

REMEDY.  —  For  first  brood  apply  Bowker’s  Pyrox,  ten  pounds  to  sixty 
gallons  of  water. 

For  second  brood,  apply  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion,  one  part  to  twenty  of 
water. 

Currant  Aphis  (Myzus  ribis). 

These  aphids  develop  in  great  numbers  in  the  early  summer,  gathering  on 
the  under  surface  of  the  leaves  and  causing  them  to  curl.  The  insects  are  diffi¬ 
cult  to  combat  after  they  become  numerous,  but  if  taken  in  time  their  inroads 
may  be  checked. 

REMEDY.  —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion,  one  part  to  twenty  of 
water,  as  soon  as  the  leaves  develop. 


41 


Strawberry  Leaf  Blight  (Sphcerella  fragariae). 

This  disease  causes  the  purple  or  reddish  spots  common  on  strawberry 
leaves.  Under  favorable  conditions  of  warmth  and  dampness,  the  disease  spreads 
and  involves  the  whole  leaf.  In  severe  attacks,  the  plants  turn  brown  and  die. 
Others  have  their  vitality  weakened  and  small  crops  result. 

REMEDY. —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox,  ten  pounds  to  sixty  gallons,  as 
soon  as  the  leaves  develop  in  the  spring.  Repeat  the  spraying  just  before  the 
blossoms  open  and  again  after  the  crop  is  gathered. 


Cranberry  Vine  Worm  (Rhopobota  vacciniana). 

Also  known  as  the  “  Fire  Worm.”  These  insects  hatch  from  minute  eggs 
laid  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  the  previous  year.  The  young  vine  worms 
feed  at  the  tips  of  the  growing  shoots,  drawing  the 
leaves  together  with  a  silken  thread.  When  mature, 
the  insects  descend  to  the  ground  and  later  transform 
into  small  moths,  which  lay  eggs  for  the  second  brood. 

This  brood  is  the  most  injurious  and  its  ravages  are 
well  likened  to  a  fire  sweeping  over  the  bog.  The 
second  brood  transforms  in  late  summer  and  leaves 
eggs  which  hibernate. 

REMEDY.- — This  insect  is  easily  controlled  by 
thorough  spraying  with  Bowker’s  Disparene,  five  or 
six  pounds  to  fifty  gallons  of  water,  applied  about  May  10  or  15 
according  to  season  and  locality.  This  treatment  destroys  the  first  brood  and 
will  often  suffice.  Where  spraying  has  been  neglected,  or  the  second  brood 
appears  in  injurious  numbers,  spray  promptly  as  for  first  brood.  Many  growers 
spray  several  times  during  the  season. 


Cranberry  Span  Worms. 

Several  species  of  span  worms  frequently  attack  cranberry  bogs  and  cause 
great  damage.  These  insects  are  easily  destroyed  by  spraying  with  Bowker’s 
Disparene,  as  directed  in  the  case  of  the  vine  worm. 

Disparene  may  be  safely  applied  to  the  bogs  at  any  strength  and  at  any  time. 


Cranberry  Rot. 

This  disease  is  not  fully  understood  at  present.  On  many  bogs,  large  areas 
will  be  found  in  which  nearly  all  the  berries  are  rotten.  This  rotting  has  never 
been  known  to  occur  where  Stockbridge  Manure  for  Old  Bogs  has  been  used,  and 
recent  investigations  by  the  New  Jersey  Experiment  Station  show  that  the  disease 
is  caused  by  insufficient  amounts  of  potash  and  phosphoric  acid  in  the  soil.  The 
remedy  in  this  case  is  therefore  to  feed  the  vines  with  this  fertilizer  (ammonia, 
two  per  cent ;  potash,  eight  per  cent ;  phosphoric  acid,  ten  per  cent)  ;  and  to 
spray  with  Bowker’s  Bodo  after  the  berries  have  set. 


THE  POTATO. 

The  Colorado  Potato  Beetle  (Doryphora  decemlineata). 

This  common  enemy  of  the  potato  was  first  known  in  the  Rocky  Mountain 
region,  where  previous  to  1860  it  was  found  to  feed  only  upon  a  worthless  plant 
of  the  potato  family.  When  the  cultivated  potato  began  to  be  grown  in  Colo¬ 
rado  and  vicinity,  this  insect  readily  adopted  it  as  a  new  food  plant,  and 
between  1860  and  1875  had  spread  over  the  entire  country  eastward.  The 
adult  beetle  is  so  familiar  to  every  one  that  it  needs  no  description.  The  orange- 
colored  eggs  are  usually  laid  in  clusters  on  the  underside  of  the  potato  leaves, 
ranging  in  number  from  twelve  to  fifty.  In  about  a  week  the  eggs  hatch  into 


42 


slugs,  which  mature  in  a  few  weeks  and  pupate  just  beneath  the  surface  soil. 
The  perfect  beetles  emerge  about  ten  days  later.  The  species  is  exceedingly 
prolific.  The  female  insect  is  capable  of  laying  more  than  one  thousand  eggs 
during  her  lifetime,  and  from  two  to  four  broods  are  produced  annually.  The 
beetles  hibernate  in  sheltered  places. 

Flea  Beetle  (Epitrix  cucumeris). 

This  insect  is  a  tiny  black  beetle  which  jumps  actively  when  disturbed. 
The  beetles  eat  minute  holes  through  the  leaves,  and  where  abundant  cause  the 
tops  to  turn  brown  and  die.  The  beetles  are  most  abundant  in  hot,  dry  seasons. 


Early  Blight  (Macrosporium  solani). 

This  disease  is  distinct  from  the  more 
deadly  “  late  blight,”  but  causes  serious  injury 
to  the  potato  crop.  It  develops  in  early  summer 
in  brown,  circular  spots  on  the  leaves.  These 
spots  soon  unite,  and  the  leaf  dies.  Since  the 
tops  die  prematurely,  the  tubers  are  small  but 
usually  sound.  This  disease  is  closely  associated 
with  flea  beetle  attacks,  the  punctures  made  by  the  beetles  often  being  the  start¬ 
ing  points  of  the  disease. 


Late  Blight  (Phytophora  infestans). 

This  deadly  disease  of  the  potato  is  said  to  have 
originated  in  South  America.  It  is  now  prevalent  in 
nearly  all  regions  where  potatoes  are  grown.  It 
spreads  rapidly  in  warm,  moist  weather  and  in  a  single 
night  often  kills  the  tops  throughout  large  areas. 
The  leaves  are  first  attacked  and  turn  brown  in  spots. 
Next  the  leaf  stems  and  then  the  stalks  are  affected 
and  die.  The  disease  soon  spreads  to  the  tubers 
which  become  rotten  and  fetid.  Promising  crops  are 
often  ruined  by  this  disease,  and  yet  few  fungous 
diseases  may  be  more  readily  controlled. 

Potato  Scab  (Oospora  scabies). 

This  is  a  true  fungous  disease  infesting  the 
surface  of  potatoes,  rendering  them  unsightly  and 
more  or  less  unsalable.  It  is  most  prevalent  in 
fields  where  stable  manure  is  used. 


General  Treatment  for  the  Potato. 

Use  commercial  fertilizers  only.  Plant  sound  seed,  soaking  it  for  two  hours 
in  a  solution  of  one  half  pint  Bowker’s  Formalin  mixed  with  fifteen  gallons  of 
water.  This  will  prevent  damage  by  scab. 

First  Spraying.  When  tops  are  six  inches  high  apply  Bowker’s  Boxal,  ten 
pounds  to  fifty  gallons  of  water. 

Second ,  third  and  fourth  sprayings ,  same  as  first  spraying,  at  intervals  of 
ten  days.  If  blight  is  prevalent  in  the  vicinity,  keep  the  tops  well  coated  with 
Boxal. 

Many  Aroostook,  Maine,  potato  growers  have  used  large  quantities  of 
Bowker’s  Bodo  with  great  success  in  preventing  damage  by  blight.  Three  spray¬ 
ings  with  Bodo,  ten  to  twenty  pounds  to  fifty  gallons  of  water,  have  given  excel¬ 
lent  results. 

To  destroy  slugs  and  beetles  only,  apply  Bowker’s  Boston  White  to  the  vines 
early  in  the  morning. 


43 


VEGETABLES  AND  FLOWERS 


Common  Asparagus  Beetle  (Crioceris  asparagi). 

A  European  insect  which  does  serious  damage  to  marketable  asparagus. 
The  beetles  make  their  appearance  in  the  spring  and  eat  off  a  portion 
of  the  asparagus  tips  as  they  appear  above  the  surface  of  the  ground.  The 
beetles  hibernate  in  sheltered  places  and  in  early  spring  begin  laying  their  eggs 
on  the  asparagus.  The  resulting  green,  slimy  slugs  feed  on  the  asparagus,  drop 
to  the  ground  and  pupate,  afterward  emerging  as  beetles.  There  are  several 
annual  broods. 

REMEDY.  —  Destroy  all  volunteer  growth  during  the  cutting  season,  and 
if  injury  is  threatened  after  the  cutting  season  is  past,  use  a  very  fine  spray  of 
Bowker’s  Pyrox  at  the  rate  of  ten  pounds  to  sixty  gallons  of  water.  It  is  im¬ 
portant  either  to  spray  or  destroy  all  asparagus  growing  in  fence  corners  or  by 
the  roadside.  Newly  set  beds  should  be  frequently  sprayed. 

Cabbage  Worms. 

Most  cabbage  worms  are  green  in  color  and  are  not  easily  seen  on  the  cab¬ 
bage  leaves.  The  common  white  butterfly  (Pieris  rapae)  is  the  most  plentiful 
species.  It  lays  its  eggs  on  the  cabbages  throughout  the  whole  growing  season. 
All  cabbage  worms,  however,  are  controlled  in  the  same  manner. 

REMEDY.  —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion,  one  part  to  twenty 
of  water.  Repeat  the  remedy  as  often  as  occasion  requires. 

Striped  Cucumber  Beetle  (Diabrotica  vittata). 

This  insect  is  generally  distributed  throughout  the  United  States.  It  hiber¬ 
nates  and  appears  in  April  or  May  according  to  locality.  The  adult  beetles  are 
very  destructive  to  young  cucumbers,  squash  and  melon  plants.  The  beetle  is 
distinguished  by  its  black  head  and  by  three  black  longitudinal  stripes.  The 
eggs  are  laid  on  the  stalks  of  the  host  plant  near  the  ground,  and  the  larvae 
burrow  within  the  stalks  and  roots.  The  presence  of  these  larvae  at  the  roots  is 
frequently  the  unsuspected  cause  of  the  withering  and  drying  up  of  the  vines. 

REMEDY. — Dust  the  young  plants  with  Bowker’s  Tobacco  Refuse  Pow¬ 
der  at  the  first  appearance  of  the  insects. 

After  harvesting  the  crop,  burn  all  vines  except  a  few  scattered  over  the 
field,  and  spray  them  with  a  strong  solution  of  Bowker’s  Disparene. 

Saturate  the  soil  about  the  roots  of  the  infested  plants  with  Bowker’s  Insect 
Emulsion,  one  part  to  twelve  of  water.  This  will  kill  the  larvae  at  the  roots. 

Cut  Worms. 

Short,  thick-bodied,  usually  slate-colored  worms,  of  which  there  are  many 
common  species.  The  worms  are  the  progeny  of  a  host  of  night-flying  moths. 
The  worms  are  nocturnal  in  their  habits,  committing  their  depredations  upon 
field  and  garden  crops  at  night  and  burrowing  in  the  surface  soil  during  the  day. 

REMEDY.  —  Before  planting  a  crop,  distribute  over  the  ploughed  fields  at 
intervals  a  poison  bait  consisting  of  a  handful  of  fresh  green  forage  plants  pre¬ 
viously  immersed  in  a  strong  solution  of  Bowker’s  Arsenic  Lime. 

When  a  ploughed  field  is  to  be  treated,  a  wagon  load  of  poison  bait  may  be 
quickly  prepared  by  spraying  a  small  grass  or  clover  plot  with  the  poison  mix¬ 
ture  and  mowing  the  area  with  a  scythe. 

White  Grub  (Lachnosterna  fusca). 

These  grubs  are  the  young  of  the  May  beetle  and  are  often  injurious  to 
potatoes  as  well  as  to  lawns  and  grass  land. 

REMEDY.  —  Apply  large  quantities  of  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion,  diluted 
one  part  to  twelve  of  water,  directly  to  the  infested  soil. 

Plough  and  harrow  the  infested  fields  late  in  the  fall. 


44 


Asparagus  Rust  (Puccinia  Asparagi), 

This  destructive  rust  appears  in  July  and  August,  and  causes  red  blisters  on 
the  surface  of  the  vines.  The  affected  fields  soon  turn  brown.  The  injury  by  the 
rust  shows  not  only  in  the  growing  vines,  but  in  a  reduced  crop  the  following  year. 

REMEDY. —  Spray  thoroughly  with  Bowker’s  Pyrox  at  intervals  of  one 
week,  commencing  when  the  vines  are  one  and  one-half  feet  tall.  Use  a  fine  nozzle 
and  thoroughly  treat  the  vines. 

Melon  Blight,  Cucumber  Mildew,  etc.  (Plasmopara  cubensis). 

This  disease  attacks  melons,  cucumbers,  squash,  etc.  The  affected  leaves 
turn  yellow  (sometimes  purplish),  then  brown,  dry  up,  and  the  crop  is  ruined. 

REMEDY. —  Spray  thoroughly  with  Bowker’s  Bodo,  commencing  when  the 
vines  are  six  inches  tall  and  repeating  at  intervals  of  one  week  until  the  fruit  com¬ 
mences  to  ripen. 

IMPORTANT. —  Be  sure  and  spray  the  under  surface  of  the  leaves.  Keep 
the  vines  thrifty  by  small  applications  of  Stockbridge  Vine  Manure,  applied  at 
intervals  of  two  weeks. 


Rose  Mildew  (Sphaerotheca  pannosa). 

This  white  mildew  attacks  the  leaves  of  roses,  both  in  greenhouses  and  out 
of  doors.  The  leaves  become  dwarfed,  curl  downward,  and  the  growth  of  the 
plant  ceases. 

REMEDY.—  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Bodo  as  soon  as  the  first  symptoms  of 
the  disease  are  noticed.  Repeat  in  ten  days  if  necessary. 


Rose  Bud  Worm. 

This  insect  first  rolls  or  ties  the  rose  leaves,  and  later  bores  into  the  buds 
and  ruins  the  blossoms.  It  is  often  as  injurious  out  of  doors  as  in  greenhouses. 

REMEDY. —  Spray  thoroughly  with  Bowker’s  Disparene  as  soon  as  the  first 
insects  are  noticed  on  the  leaves. 

Rose  Slug  (Monostegia  rosae). 

The  soft,  slimy  slugs  which  attack  the  leaves  of  the  rose  in  midsummer  often 
cause  severe  damage. 

REMEDY. —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Disparene  as  soon  as  the  insects  are 
noticed. 

Rose  Aphids. 

The  minute  green  aphids’  or  plant  lice,  which  attack  rose  buds  and  stems  often 
cause  severe  injury.  These  insects  cluster  in  great  numbers  on  the  growing  shoots, 
and  check  development  of  blossoms.  The  parent  lice  give  birth  to  large  numbers 
of  young,  and  in  a  few  weeks  will  thoroughly  infest  the  largest  bushes. 

REMEDY. —  Spray  thoroughly  with  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion,  one  part  to 
fifteen  of  water,  as  soon  as  the  first  aphids  are  noticed.  Repeat,  if  necessary,  in  the 
course  of  one  week. 

Aster  Blight  (Coleosporium  Sonchi-arvensis). 

This  disease  first  attacks  the  lower  leaves  of  the  aster  and  spreads  upward. 
It  produces  yellow  pustules  on  the  under  surface  of  the  foliage,  and  the  affected 
plants  soon  weaken  and  die. 

REMEDY. —  Spray  thoroughly  with  Bowker’s  Bodo  early  in  the  season,  as 
soon  as  the  plants  are  six  inches  high,  and  repeat  at  intervals  of  ten  days  until  the 
blossoms  appear. 


45 


Plant  Lice. 

There  are  numerous  species  of  these  minute  insects,  all  having  very  simi¬ 
lar  habits.  The  mouth  parts  are  adapted  to  sucking  the  juice  of  plants  and  not 
for  chewing  the  tissue.  These  insects  vary  in  color  from  light  green  to  black. 
In  warm  weather  they  give  birth  to  innumerable  young.  Toward  autumn  most 
species  deposit  eggs  which  hatch  the  following  spring. 

REMEDY.  —  Spray  with  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion,  one  part  to  twenty  of 
water,  whenever  the  insects  are  numerous. 

Red  Spider  (Tetranychus  telarius). 

This  is  a  very  troublesome  pest  to  florists,  since  it  feeds  on  the  sap  con¬ 
tained  in  the  foliage  of  many  flowering  plants,  causing  leaves  to  turn  yellow  and 
drop  off.  These  little  reddish  spiders  live  and  multiply  on  the  underside  of  the 
leaves,  where  they  spin  a  fine  silken  web.  One  may  often  find  the  nearly  colorless 
eggs  associated  with  a  whole  colony  of  individuals  in  different  stages  of  devel¬ 
opment. 

REMEDY.  —  Same  as  for  plant  lice. 

Mealy  Bugs:  Scale  Insects. 

The  former  receives  the  name  of  mealy  bug  on  account  of  the  yellowish- 
white  floury  secretions  distributed  along  the  sides  of  the  body.  Many  species  of 
greenhouse  plants,  like  the  oleander  and  orange,  are  frequently  infested  with 
species  of  scale  insects  which  destroy  the  vitality  of  the  plants.  These  insects 
belong  to  the  same  family  as  mealy  bugs,  possessing  similar  habits  and  life  his¬ 
tory. 

REMEDY.  —  Same  as  for  plant  lice. 

Greenhouse  plants  should  be  occasionally  treated  with  Bowker’s  Tobacco 
Extract. 


SHADE  AND  FOREST  TREES. 

Elm-leaf  Beetle  (Galerucella  luteola). 

This  European  pest  is  thought  to  have  been  imported  into  the  city  of 
Baltimore,  Md.,  about  the  year  1837.  It  has  spread  northward  as  far  as  New 
England  and  southward  into  the  Carolinas,  but  its  distribution  westward  is  more 
restricted.  The  mature  beetle  somewhat  resembles  the  striped  cucumber  beetle. 
It  hibernates  under  boards  and  in  crevices  of  buildings,  etc.,  appearing  in  spring 
as  soon  as  the  elm  puts  forth  its  leaves.  After  feeding  on  the  foliage  for  a 
short  time  the  beetles  lay  their  eggs  on  the  underside  of  the  elm  leaves.  The 
eggs  hatching  give  rise  to  slugs,  or  larvae,  that  feed  on  the  under  surface  of  the 
leaves.  When  mature  most  of  the  larvae  descend  to  the  base  of  the  tree  to  trans¬ 
form,  where  they  may  sometimes  be  gathered  by  the  thousand. 


The  Tussock  Moth  (Orgyia  leucostigma). 

This  is  a  North  American  insect,  ranging  from  Nova  Scotia  to  Florida  and 
probably  westward  beyond  Iowa.  It  attacks  nearly  all  kinds  of  fruit  and  shade 
trees  except  pines.  In  early  spring  the  young  larvae,  hatched  from  the  over¬ 
wintered  egg  masses,  begin  to  feed  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  ;  as  they 
grow  toward  maturity  they  consume  the  entire  leaf  except  the  woody  midribs 
and  larger  veins.  The  yellow  cocoons  are  usually  spun  on  the  trunk  and  larger 
branches  of  the  tree.  The  pupa  state  lasts  from  ten  to  fourteen  days,  when  the 
adults  emerge.  The  wingless  female  and  the  winged  male  soon  mate,  and  the 
former  begins  laying  her  egg  masses  on  the  outside  of  the  abandoned  cocoon. 
Within  the  range  of  territory  occupied  by  this  insect  from  one  to  three  broods 
may  be  expected  in  a  year. 


46 


Fall  Web  Worm  (Hyphantria  cunea). 

This  insect  is  occasionally  destructive  to  fruit  and  shade  trees,  particularly 
the  apple,  pear,  elm  and  ash.  The  adult  insect  is  a  moth  with  white  wings,  and 
measures  about  an  inch  from  tip  to  tip.  The  female  moth  lays  her  eggs  upon 
the  leaves  in  June.  When  the  eggs  hatch,  the  hairy  larvae  somewhat  resemble 
tent  caterpillars,  but  may  be  distinguished  from  the  latter  because  they  feed 
within  the  web,  while  the  tent  caterpillars  always  feed  without.  In  the  South 
the  web  worm  is  more  destructive,  since  a  second  brood  develops  in  August  and 
September. 

Forest  Tent  Caterpillar  (Clisiocampa  disstria). 

This  insect  resembles  the  orchard  species,  with  the  exception  that  the  larvae 
do  not  make  a  tent.  The  yellowish-brown  parent  moth  lays  her  eggs  in  a  cylin¬ 
drical  band  on  the  twigs  of  the  chosen  food  plant.  The  eggs  hatch  in  early 
spring,  and  the  young  larvae  are  very  hardy.  When  full  grown  the  caterpillars 
are  sparingly  covered  with  hair  and  have  a  row  of  white  spots  extending  along 
the  back.  The  mature  larvae  spin  cocoons  in  sheltered  places  and  pupate.  The 
moths  emerge  in  early  summer.  These  caterpillars  are  often  very  injurious  to 
orchard,  shade  and  forest  trees. 

The  Gypsy  Moth  (Porthetria  dispar). 

A  notorious  pest  imported  from  Europe  into  Massachusetts  in  the  year 
1869.  It  devours  the  foliage  of  all  species  of  plants.  The  insect  passes  the 
winter  in  the  egg  state.  The  eggs  are  grouped  in  clusters  of  three  to  five  hun¬ 
dred  each  and  are  found  adhering  to  the  bark  of  trees,  stone  walls,  ledges,  etc. 
The  eggs  usually  hatch  the  latter  part  of  April  or  the  first  of  May,  and  the  larvae 
mature  about  the  middle  of  July.  The  full-grown  hairy  caterpillars  measure  two 
inches  in  length.  They  pass  their  transformations  in  any  sheltered  locality,  emerg¬ 
ing  as  perfect  moths  two  or  three  weeks  later.  The  white-winged  female  is  much 
larger  than  the  male  and  cannot  fly,  although  she  has  fully  developed  wings.  The 
males  are  darker  colored,  and  are  active  flyers.  The  insect  is  single-brooded,  and 
the  eggs  are  laid  in  August. 


General  Treatment  for  Shade  Tree  Insects. 

For  tussock  moth,  web  worm,,  forest  tent  caterpillar  and  gypsy  moth, 
spray  thoroughly  with  Bowker’s  Disparene,  four  pounds  to  fifty  gallons  of  water, 
whenever  the  caterpillars  are  numerous. 

For  elm-leaf  beetle  spray  the  foliage  thoroughly  with  Bowker’s  Disparene, 
six  pounds  to  fifty  gallons  of  water,  as  soon  as  the  leaves  develop.  A  second 
spraying  may  be  necessary  during  the  larval  season.  Be  sure  to  spray  the  under 
surface  of  the  leaves.  Destroy  the  larvae  clustering  on  bark  and  at  base  of  trees 
with  Bowker’s  Insect  Emulsion. 

Important.  In  combating  the  elm -leaf  beetle,  brown-tail  moth,  or  gypsy 
moth  it  is  important  to  spray  heavily  as  soon  as  the  insects  are  discovered  feeding. 
Use  a  fine  nozzle,  spray  on  a  drying  day,  and  see  that  all  parts  of  the  tree  are 
thoroughly  treated. 


47 


BOWKER’S  SPRAYING  CALENDAR. 

(The  letters  at  the  left  indicate  the  kind  and  strength  of  solution  required.) 

A  io  lbs.  Bowker’s  Pyrox  diluted  with  60  gals,  water. 


B 

IO  “ 

i  44 

4  4 

4  4 

IOO  “ 

4  4 

C 

IO  “ 

‘  Boxal 

44 

44 

50  “ 

4  4 

D 

IO  “ 

4  Bodo 

4  4 

44 

25  “ 

44 

E 

5  “ 

‘  Disparene 

4  4 

44 

5o  “ 

it 

F 

i  lb. 

‘  Tree  Soap 

44 

44 

i  gal. 

G 

2  lbs. 

4  4  4  4  4 

44 

4  4 

i  “ 

H 

i  pint 

‘  A.  C.  C.  mixture 

4  4 

4  4 

20  gals. 

I 

i  gal. 

‘  Insect  Emulsion 

4  4 

4  4 

20  “ 

J 

i  “ 

*  Carbolized  Wash 

4  4 

4  4 

8  “ 

4  4 

Apple. 

April  20  to  June 
25  * 


Pear. 

April  to  June  20.* 


Stone  Fruits. 

April  15  *  until 
fruit  is  two  thirds 
grown. 


Grape. 

April  20  to  August 


FRUITS. 

For  Codling  Moth,  Bud  Moth,  Canker  Worms,  Tent 
Caterpillar,  Apple  Scab. 

First  Spraying.  Apply  A  before  buds  start. 

Second  Spraying.  Apply  A  just  before  blossoms  open. 
Third  Spraying.  Apply  A  just  after  blossoms  fall. 
Fourth  Spraying.  Apply  A  just  before  apples  turn 
down. 

Fifth  and  Sixth  Sprayings  with  A  at  intervals  of  two 
weeks  if  necessary. 

For  Borers.  Apply  J  at  intervals  of  two  weeks  in  June, 
July  and  August. 

For  Bark  Lice.  Apply  F  in  winter  and  I  in  Mayor  June. 

For  Scab,  Leaf  Blight,  Psylla,  Slug,  Codling  Moth, 
Brown-tail  Moth. 

First  Spraying.  Apply  A  before  buds  start. 

Second  Spraying.  Apply  A  just  before  blossoms  open. 
Third  Spraying.  Apply  A  just  after  blossoms  fall,  add¬ 
ing  one  gallon  Insect  Emulsion  to  each  twenty  gallons 
of  spray. 

Fourth  Spraying.  Apply  A  when  fruit  is  one  third 
grown. 

For  Bark  Beetle.  Apply  J  as  for  other  borers. 

For  Leaf  Curl,  Leaf  Blight,  Brown  Rot,  Black  Knot, 
CURCULIO. 

First  Spraying.  Apply  A  before  buds  open. 

Second  Spraying.  Apply  B  just  after  blossoms  fall. 
Third  Spraying.  Apply  B  ten  days  later.  Additional 
sprayings  may  be  made  with  H. 

For  Aphis.  Add  one  gallon  Insect  Emulsion  to  each 
twenty  gallons  of  spraying  mixture  at  third  spraying. 
For  San  Jose  Scale.  Apply  G  in  fall,  winter  or  spring. 
For  Borers.  Apply  J  at  intervals  of  two  weeks  in  May, 
June  and  July. 

For  Downy  Mildew  and  Black  Rot. 

First  Spraying.  Apply  A  when  buds  begin  to  swell. 
Second  Spraying.  Apply  A  two  weeks  later. 


*  These  approximate  dates  answer  for  New  England  and  the  Middle  States,  but  for  the  Southern 
States  they  should  be  set  a  little  earlier. 


48 


SPRAYING  CALENDAR  — Continued. 


Grape. 

Apr.  20  to  Aug.  1.* 

For  Downy  Mildew  and  Black  Rot  —  Continued. 

Third  Spraying.  Apply  A  pne  week  before  vines 
bloom'. 

Fourth  Spraying.  Apply  A.  as  soon  as  the  berries  have 
set.  Later  sprayings  may  be  made  with  A  until  fruit 
'  is  two  thirds  grown.  Later  use  H. 

For  Grape-root  Worm.  Apply  E  between  June  15  and 
July  15. 

Cranberry. 

May  20  to  July  16.* 

For  Vine  Worm.  Apply  E  as  soon  as  the  first  insects 
appear.  Repeat  for  second  brood  if  necessary. 

For  Span  Worm  and  Allied  Insects.  Apply  *E  when¬ 
ever  the  insects  are  noticed. 

Currant. 

May  16  to  August 

1  * 

For  First  Brood  Currant  Worm.  Apply  A  as  soon  as 
the  insects  are  noticed.' 

For  Second  Brood  Currant  Worm  and  for  Aphis. 
Apply  1  as  needed. 

Strawberry. 

April  20  to  August 

L* 

For  Leaf  Blight. 

First  Spraying.  Apply  A  as  soon  as  leaves  develop. 
Second  Spraying.  Apply  A  just  before  blossoms  open. 
Third  Spraying.  Apply  A  after  the  crop  is  gathered. 

SHADE  TREES,  SHRUBS  AND  FLOWERS, 


Shade  Trees 
and  Shrubs. 

May  1  to  Septem¬ 
ber  16.* 

For  the  Elm-leaf  Beetle.  Apply  E  as  soon  as  leaves 
develop.  Repeat  during  larval  season. 

For  Tussock  Moth,  Wee  Worm,  Canker  Worm,  Forest 
Tent  Caterpillar,  Gypsy  Moth.  Apply  E  whenever 
insects  are  numerous. 

Rose. 

Rose  Worm  or  Bud  Worm.  Apply  E  as  soon  as  leaves 
have  developed. 

Carnations, 

Violets. 

Plants  in 
General. 

Rose  Lice,  Rose  Slug.  Apply  I  whenever  insects  appear. 
For  Rust.  Apply  H  at  intervals  of  one  week. 

For  White  Grub.  Apply  I  to  infested  soil. 

For  Cut  Worms.  Treat  forage  plants  with  Arsenic  Lime 
and  distribute  over  infested  field. 

For  Plant  Lice,  Mealy  Bug,  Scales,  Red  Spider, 
Thrips,  Etc.  Apply  1  as  often  as  necessary. 

VEGETABLES. 

Potato. 

May  16  to  August 
15.* 

For  Potato  Beetle,  Flea  Beetle,  Early  Blight,  Late 
Blight. 

First  Spraying.  Apply  C  when  plants  are  six  inches  tall. 
Second  and  later  sprayings.  Apply  C  at  intervals  of  ten 
days  until  tops  are  grown. 

For  blights  only,  use  D  at  intervals  of  ten  days. 

Tomato. 

June  to  Septem¬ 
ber.* 

For  Leaf  Bljght  and  Rot.  Apply  D  as  soon  as  discov¬ 
ered.  Repeat  at  intervals  of  ten  days.  Use  H  during 
fruiting  season. 

Asparagus. 

May  to  Septem¬ 
ber* 

Cabbage. 

May  25  to  Septem¬ 
ber  10. 

Cucumber 
and  fleions. 

For  Asparagus  Beetle  and  Rust.  Apply  A  to  new  beds 
and  tc  old  beds  after  cutting  season. 

For  Cabbage  Worms.  Apply  I  whenever  insects  are 
numerous. 

For  Cucumber  Beetle.  Dust  plants  with  Bowker’s  To¬ 
bacco  Powder.  Apply  I  to  soil  at  roots  of  plants. 

For  Blight.  Apply  D  at  intervals  of  ten  days. 

*  These  approximate  dates  answer  for  New  England  and- the  Middle  States,  bufc.for  the  Southern 
States  they  sht old  bi  s^t  Vli^tle  earlier.  .  •  ■  <  ^  a  ,  T* 


FOR 

THE 


LAND'S  SAKE 


»9 


USE  BOWKER’S  FERTILIZERS 

Independent  Brands  made  by  an  Independent  Company 
THEY  ENRICH  THE  BARTH  AND  THOSE  WHO  TILL  IT 


TWENTY-NINE  years  ago  the  President  o I 
the  Bowker  Company  personally  manufactured 
and  barrelled  up  one  hundred  tons  of  fertilizer 
in  a  little  wooden  storehouse  on  Constitution 
Wharf,  in  Boston.  He  then  went  among  the  farmers 
of  his  own  State,  neighbors  and  friends,  and  sold  it. 

To*day,  under  his  management,  the  Company  oper¬ 
ates  three  large  factories  (Boston,  New  York,  and  Cin¬ 
cinnati),  having  a  combined  capacity  of  sixty  thousand 
tons. 

Nearly  four  thousand  agents  are  handling  the  prod¬ 
uct  of  these  three  factories,  and,  instead  of  the  one 
hundred  tons  a  year  which  Mr.  Bowker  originally  sold, 
these  agents  now  sell  an  average  of  nearly  two  hun¬ 
dred  tons  a  day. 

If  the  goods  had  not  been  excellent  of  their  kind, 
would  this  great  increase  have  been  possible  ? 


GOVERNMENT  TESTS 


At  the  beginning  of  this  business  Mr.  Bowker 
adopted  as  his  motto, — 

“We  state  what  we  sell, 

And  sell  what  we  state.” 

And  from  the  start  this  motto  has  been  loyally  adhered 
to  and  the  goods  have  been  made  and  sold  on  honor. 

More  than  ten  thousand  government  tests  have  bean 
made  of  these  goods  during  the  past  twenty-nine  years, 
showing  as  a  rule  that  they  contained  more  plant  food 
than  was  stated.  As  a  result  it  is  entirely  within  bounds 
to  say  that  they  are  now  used  by  more  than  one  hun¬ 
dred  thousand  fanners. 

AN  INDEPENDENT  COMPANY 

The  Bowker  Company  is  not  connected  with  any 
other  company  or  combination  of  companies,  but  is  in  - 
dependent,  with  independent  management  and  inde¬ 
pendent  factories.  It  does  not  seek  patronage,  how¬ 
ever,  on  that  account,  but  rather  on  the  merit  of  its 
goods,  as  demonstrated  by  government  tests  and  by 
the  more  important  tests  made  in  the  field  by  practical 
farmers  everywhere. 

If  interested  in  fertilizers ,  it  will  fay  you  to  corre¬ 
spond  with  us. 


BOWKER 


FERTILIZER  CO, 

Boston  New  York  Cincinnati 


